1. Chapter 2
Net Income

2. Federal Income Tax
federal income tax is the money withheld by an employer from an employer paycheck to pay federal government taxes
withholding allowances – the number of people an employee supports, which helps employers know how much money to withhold for federal income tax.

3. Example 1
Carla Good is an actuary. Her gross pay for this week is $ She is married and claims 2 allowances for herself and her husband. What amount will Carla’s employer withhold from her pay for FIT? -step 1: find the income range from the table -step 2: find the column for 2 allowances -step 3: the amount of federal income tax to be withheld is $14.00

4. Find the federal income tax withheld each week using the weekly payroll tables.
Dan Caine, a welder, is married, claims 1 allowance, and earns $390.50
$18.00
Angie Kim, executive assistant, is single, claims 2 allowances, and earns $435.95
$31.00

5. Percentage Method
Some companies use percentage method instead of tax tables to compute the income tax withheld. With this method, you use taxable wages to find the withholding amount.
Taxable wages depend on the number of allowances you claim.

6. Percentage method of withholding – single person
Each weekly allowance is 63.46
Weekly taxable wage
The amount of income tax to withhold is:
Over
But not over
$51.00
$195.00
$0.00 plus (10% of the excess over $51.00)
$195
$645.00
$14.40 plus (15% of the excess over $195)
$645
$1482
$81.90 plus (25% of the excess over $645)

7. Example 2
Lance Hart’s gross pay for this week is $ He is a carpenter’s apprentice, is single, and claims 2 allowances. Using the percentage method, what amount will Lance’s employer withhold from his pay for federal income tax?
Step 1- find the allowance amount
Allowance amount = the # of allowances x 63.46
$ = x
Step 2 – find the taxable wage
taxable wage = gross pay – allowance amount
$ = $ $126.92

8. Step 3 – find the amount withheld for FIT using the table
A. find the taxable wage in the row over $195 but not over $645
B. find the amount of income tax withheld by:
Tax withheld for FIT = $14.40 plus 15% of the excess over $195
= $ [0.15 x ($ $195)]
= $ (0.15 x $71.31)
= $ $10.70
= $25.10

9. Lesson 2.2
State Income Tax

10. State Income Tax Most states require employers to withhold a certain amount of pay for income tax. In some states, the tax withheld is a percentage of taxable wages
Exemptions – withholding allowances which allow for supporting yourself, your spouse, and others in your family who are your dependents.
taxable wages = annual gross pay – exemptions
state income tax = taxable wages x tax rate

11. Example 1
Tony Raymond’s gross pay as a landscape designer is $44,750 a year. The state income tax rate is 3% of taxable wages. He takes an exemption for himself and 1 exemption for his child. How much does Tony’s employer withhold yearly from his gross earnings for state income tax?
Exemptions
Single
$2,000
Married
$4,000
Each dependent

12. Step 1- find the taxable wages annual gross pay – exemptions
$44,750 – ( )
$44,750 – 4000 = $40, 750 taxable wages
Step 2 – find the annual tax withheld
taxable wages x tax rate
40, x 3% = $1,222.50

13. Example 2
Andrea McReedy is a dispatcher for a local trucking company. She earns $52,600 per year. She is married and pays $2,430 in state income tax per year. She claims no other dependents. What is the state income tax rate for her state?

14. Step 1 – let r = state income tax rate for her state
Step 2 – use the formula for state income tax, substituting for taxable wages and solve for r
state income tax = (taxable wages – exemptions) x tax rate
= (52, ) x r
= 48600r
= 𝑟 48600
= r
The state income tax rate for Andrea’s state is 5%

15. Graduated State Income Tax
Lesson 2.3
Graduated State Income Tax

16. Graduated income tax
A system that increases the tax rate at different levels of income
The tax rate increases as income increases
May be as low as 1% or as high as 10%
Tax withheld per pay period = 𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑎𝑥 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎℎ𝑒𝑙𝑑 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑦 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟

17. Example
Louise Main’s annual salary as a police officer is $34,500. She receives her pay semimonthly, or twice a month. Her exemptions total $2000. Use the table to determine how much her employer deducts for state income tax from each of her semimonthly paychecks.
State Tax
exemptions
Taxable wages
Tax rate
First $1000
1.5%
Next $2000
3.0%
4.5%
Over $5000
5.0%
Single
$2000
Married
$4000
Each dependent

18. Step 1 – find the taxable wages
annual gross pay – exemptions
$34, $2000 = $32,500
Step 2 – find the annual state tax withheld
a. first $1000: % of $1000 = $15.00
b. next $2000: 3.0% of $2000 = $60.00
c. next $2000: 4.5% of $2000 = $90.00
d. over $5000: 5.0% of (32,500 – 5000) = 5% of 27,500 = $
Total: $

19. Step 3 – find the tax withheld per pay period tax withheld per pay period = 𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑎𝑥 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒ℎ𝑙𝑑 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑦 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 $ = $59.23

20. Try on your own answer: $249.17
Eddie Black is single and receives his pay biweekly. His annual salary as a tailor for Whyte and Broom is $21, 350. What is the amount of tax withheld each pay period? answer: $33.94
Lydia Robins’ annual salary from Dresler & Everhard is $67,500. She is married, has one dependent, and is paid monthly. What is the amount of tax withheld each pay period?
answer: $249.17