1. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 2011

2. All drawings and descriptions are the copyrighted property of the National Federation of State High School Associations, © 2011 and are used with the express written consent of Becky Oakes, NFHS Volleyball Rules Editor. All drawings and descriptions are the copyrighted property of the National Federation of State High School Associations, © 2011 and are used with the express written consent of Becky Oakes, NFHS Volleyball Rules Editor. With appreciation, With appreciation, Jan G. Filip – CIF Registered Official

3. Make a slow circular motion with arm and hand outstretched on the side of the violating team, palm down; then point towards the player(s) involved. Illegal Alignment – At the moment the ball is contacted for the serve, there is: Overlapping by adjacent players other than the server. Positioning of any player other than the server outside the boundaries of the playing area. An improper server. A libero replacement takes place after the whistle/signal for serve. An illegal libero replacement in the set. Failure to submit an accurate lineup. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 SERVER: 1.ILLEGAL ALIGNMENT / IMPROPER SERVER / INACCURATE LINEUP—SERVER:

4. Indicate the line where the violation occurred by extending arm and pointing toward the line with the index finger with palm facing the net Server, at the moment of contact, steps on the end line or the floor outside the lines marking the width of the service area. A player, while the ball is in play, touches the floor completely across the center line without part of hand/hands or foot/feet remaining on or above the center line or A player contacts the floor across the center line with any part of the body other than the hand/hands or foot/feet. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 2. LINE VIOLATION —

5. Slowly lift one arm and hand with the palm up on the side of the violating team, then hold the signal momentarily about chest high. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 Ball visibly comes to rest, or involves prolonged contact with the player. Server having more than one re-serve or illegal service during one team’s term of service. 3. ILLEGAL HIT —

6. Raise the hand on the server’s side to a vertical position at head height with the fingers spread, palm forward. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 A serve which is not contacted within five seconds after the first referee’s signal to serve. 4. DELAY OF SERVICE —

7. Pass forearm, palm down, over the net, originating from the side of the net where the foul occurred. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 Interference with the opponents effort to play the ball over the opponents court. 5. OVER-THE-NET FOUL — A player illegally contacts a ball which is completely on the opponent’s side of the net.

8. Hold the arm outstretched on the side of the violating team, with open hand, fingers together and palm toward the net. NOTE: The R1 does not need to touch the net when signaling a net foul or net serve. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 Note: Second referee moves to the offending team’s side of the net, maintains position back from the court, extends the arm on the offending team’s side of the net, without touching the net. The R2 does not repeat this signal for a net serve violation. Illegally touching net, net cables or net antenna. Interference with an opponent’s effort to play the ball under or through the net. Served ball touches or passes under the net. Served ball hits a teammate. R1 and R2 signal number of offending player for net foul and use informal hand signals for number. 6. NET FOUL/NET SERVE —

9. Arm on attacker’s side of the net is extended parallel to the floor at chest level, palm down. Then, make one slight horizontal sweeping motion when, in the judgment of the official, it is needed to indicate a legal back- row attacker. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 7. LEGAL BACK-ROW ATTACK —

10. Raise hand on the side of the offending team with palm forward, head high and rotate forearm forward and downward. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 Receiving player attacks served ball which is completely above the top of the net, and it completely crosses the net or is contacted by an opponent. A back row player returns a ball which is completely above the top of the net while positioned on or in front of the attack line or its out-of-bounds extension or is in the air, having left the floor on or in front of the attack line or its out-of-bounds extension. Any player completes an attack set by the libero using finger action while positioned on or in front of the attack line, when contacting the ball that is completely above the height of the net. The libero completes an attack that is completely above the height of the net from anywhere on the court. 8. ILLEGAL ATTACK—

11. Raise both hands to head height, palms forward. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 A back row player participates in a block. A player participates in a block of serve. In the judgment of the first referee, the receiving player’s view of the contact of the serve and/or the path of the served ball was obstructed by the serving team. Libero blocks or attempts to block. 9. ILLEGAL BLOCK/SCREENING —

12. The hand on the side of the offending team is held beside the head with the palm facing the head, then brush upward across the fingertips one time with the other hand, palm forward. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 Used to indicate a touch off a block or team’s first, second, or third contact with the ball landing out of bounds on that team’s side of the net. 10. BALL TOUCHED —

13. The hand and arm on the side of the offending team is held head high, palm forward, showing four (4) fingers. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 Any time a team has more than three hits before the ball is returned over the net. 11. FOUR HITS —

14. The hand and arm on the side of the offending team is held head high, palm forward, showing two (2) fingers. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 Illegal multiple or successive contacts. 12. DOUBLE HIT —

15. Outstretched open hand, with fingers together pointing toward the center of the attack area between the center line and attack line. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 The ball lands on the court, the end line or a side line, and no violation occurs. The ball passes completely under the net (other than a serve) – DIFFERENT FROM NCAA & USAV. 13. BALL LANDS INBOUNDS —

17. Raise both hands head high, fingers together, palms toward face, elbows bent. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 The ball is ruled out of bounds after crossing the net. (See 2-3-1) A player or the ball that crosses the center line extended or breaks the plane of a nonplayable area beyond the legal reach of a player. A blocked ball returns to hitter’s side and lands out of bounds. The ball hits the net on or outside the antenna, cables, net supports or referee’s platform. The ball passes the net over or outside the antenna. A ball contacts a vertical backboard or its supports, and in the opinion of the first referee, the ball would not have remained in play had the backboard not been there. 14. OUT-OF-BOUNDS / ANTENNA VIOLATION —

18. Extend the arm on the serving team’s side of the net with the hand perpendicular to the floor, blow the whistle to begin the serve and move the extended hand and arm in a sweeping motion to the opposite shoulder. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 First referee MUST sound the whistle, THEN give the visible signal for the serve. 15. BEGIN SERVICE —

19. Extend the arm (palm forward) on the substitution side and make a forward sweeping motion waist high, open palm toward the respective court. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 16. AUTHORIZATION TO ENTER —

20. Indicate point by extending the arm in the direction of the team that will serve next, palm perpendicular to the floor. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 A point is awarded when the opponent violates a rule. Unnecessary Delay awarded and team has used its two time-outs. Red card or disqualification. Request for a third time-out. 17. POINT —

21. Both hands formed into fists, thumbs up and held head high in front of the body. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 Serving again without awarding point or rotation of service. When a replay occurs because of a double foul during a live ball, each team’s foul shall be signaled prior to the replay signal. Serving unintentionally before first referee’s whistle/signal to serve. Interference in the first referee’s judgment. 18. REPLAY/RE-SERVE —

22. Rotate hands at head height two times. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 Used by coach to request substitution. Used by a referee to recognize a request for substitution. 19. SUBSTITUTION —

23. Hold arm on side of offending team head high, with an open hand, fingers together. Rotate twice with elbow bent. Then indicate the court of the offending team. Used to indicate illegal substitution. FOLLOWED BY SIGNAL 21a or SIGNAL 17. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 20. ILLEGAL SUBSTITUTION —

24. Place the palm of one hand horizontally over the hand on the side requesting the time-out, forming a “T”, then: For team time-out, indicate the court of the team requesting the time-out by extending the vertical arm towards that court. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2010  Used by a coach to request time- out.  Used by referees to indicate a team is charged with a time-out. 21a. TEAM TIME-OUT —

26. Place the palm of one hand horizontally over the hand on the side requesting the time-out, forming a “T”, then: For referee’s time-out, tap top of shoulders once with both hands. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2009  Used by referees to indicate a referee’s time-out or an injury time- out. 21b. REFEREE’S TIME-OUT —

27. Both hands placed on the hips with elbows straight out to the side. Then indicate the court of the offending team. FOLLOWED BY SIGNAL 21a or SIGNAL 17. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 Indicates unnecessary delay is charged. 22. UNNECESSARY DELAY —

28. Arms are crossed in front of the body, chest level with hands open, fingers together, palms toward chest then extend arms outward towards the end lines. The referees signal the set is completed and players shall move to stand on their respective end lines. Prior to the deciding set, call captains and R2 to R1 stand and release teams to benches. Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 23. END OF SET/MATCH —

29. Raise forearms, swinging right arm in front of the body and the left arm back of the body. Used after non-deciding sets to direct teams to change courts (or after the coin toss prior to the final set if a change of courts is required). Used with permission of NFHS. © 2011 24. CHANGE OF COURTS —

30. SIGNAL #23 – CROSS ARMS DIRECT TEAMS TO ENDLINE WHISTLE AND RELEASE TEAMS TO BENCH

32. INFORMAL OFFICIALS’ SIGNALS: As mentioned in the prematch section of the manual, informal hand signals used to enhance the match may be used for communication by the second referee (R2) to the first referee (R1). Such additional signals might be: 1. Set/Match Point: Place the index finger flat against the shoulder closest to the team that has set point (R1 nods head to acknowledge seeing the R2’s signal.) 2. Four Hits: Discreetly give four-hit signal in front of chest. 3. Identifying Possible Back-Row Player Violation: Discreetly show back-row attacker or back-row blocker signal in front of chest. 4. Position of Setter Prior to Serve: Second referee uses discreet signal with his/her hand on each leg, midsection or chest to identify position (front row or back row) of each team’s setter. Use of and type of signal may be decided in prematch discussion between the referees. Examples are: 2 fingers = back-row setter 1 finger = front row setter Little finger = back-row setter Thumb = front row setter Discreet back row attack signal in middle of chest These are not used on every rally, only when needed for improved communication.

33. INFORMAL OFFICIALS’ SIGNALS, continued 5. Illegal Hit:: The second referee is to assist the first referee in calling illegal hits by use of discreet signals in front of the chest. Only when the second referee is certain the first referee’s view of the play is blocked does the second referee blow the whistle to call a ball handling violation. 6. Ready to Play: The second referee signals ready to play to the first referee after an R2 interruption (injury, substitution, time-out or scorekeeping clarification) by extending the arm, open hand perpendicular to the floor with the outside hand on the receiving team's side. The R2 should be in position on the receiving team's side, whistle in mouth, when the Ready to Play signal is given. 7. Net Foul/Center Line Violations: Second referee signals violation, then signals number to first referee with right hand as base hand –   Nos. 0-9: right or right/left combination;   No. 10: right hand closed fist;   Nos. 11-19: right fist then digits successively;   Nos. 20 or more: first digit with right hand and second digit with right or both hands if necessary. Both R2, then R1 signal offender’s number, then both signal “point”.