1. Allusions

2. What is an allusion?  It is a reference within a work to another work of fiction, a film, a piece of art, or even a real or historic event.  From Latin alludere, from ad- “toward” + ludere “to play”

3. Allusions…  …engage the reader and will often help the reader remember the message or theme of the passage.  …allow the writer to give an example or get a point across without going into a lengthy discourse.

4. Example “The minister’s wife has a face that could launch a thousand ships.” alludes to Helen of Troy who was considered a great beauty

5. Example “The minister’s wife has a face that could launch a thousand ships.” translates to The minister’s wife is a woman of great beauty.

6. Example “Gwen and Rob are star-crossed lovers.” alludes to Romeo and Juliet "From forth the fatal loins of these two foes, a pair of star-cross'd lovers, take their life.” (Act I, Prologue, Romeo and Juliet)

7. Example “Gwen and Robbie are star- crossed lovers.” translates to Gwen and Robbie were destined to meet.

8. Kinds of Allusions  Biblical allusion: “As the cave's roof collapsed, he was swallowed up in the dust like Jonah, and only his frantic scrabbling behind a wall of rock indicated that there was anyone still alive.”

9. Kinds of Allusions  Literary allusion: “Christy didn't like to spend money. She was no Scrooge, but she seldom purchased anything except the bare necessities.”

10. Kinds of Allusions  Historical allusion: “The city has its highest unemployment rate in decades, while the mayor attends upscale parties; she’s fiddling while Rome burns.”

11. Caveat Audience must know that which is alluded to. Or else, they won’t “get” it.

12. What kind of allusions are these?  “The last soccer match was Lily’s waterloo.”  “She turned the other cheek after she was cheated out of a promotion.”  “I was surprised his nose was not growing like Pinocchio’s.”

13. Pair or Small Group Work Work with a partner or in a group of three. Prepare a one- half crosswise sheet of paper.

14. Recall the Olympians and their symbols. Following are two poems. For each poem, answer the questions that follow.

15. Questions 1. Which of the Greek gods or goddesses is the poem referring to? 2. Cite three lines or phrases to support your conclusion. Provide a brief explanation for each textual evidence.

16. Poem #1 He clasps the crag with crooked hands; Close to the sun in lonely lands; Ringed with the azure world, he stands. The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls; He watches from his mountain walls, And like a thunderbolt he falls.

17. Poem #2 God of the golden bow, And of the golden lyre, And of the golden hair, And of the golden fire, Charioteer Of the patient year… Thy laurel, thy glory, The light of thy story…

18. Questions 1. Which of the Greek gods or goddesses is the poem referring to? 2. Cite three lines or phrases to support your conclusion. Provide a brief explanation for each textual evidence.

19. “Words are symbols for shared memories. If I use a word, then you should have some experience of what the word stands for. If not, the word means nothing to you.” Jorge Luis Borges