1. May18, 2004General Dynamics Meeting1 Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications Cauligi S. Raghavendra Department of Electrical Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90089 raghu@usc.edu http://ceng.usc.edu/~raghu

2. May18, 2004General Dynamics Meeting2 Wireless Sensor Networks Wireless Sensor Networks is one of the top 10 Technologies that will change the World in 21 st Century –According to MIT Technology Review Researchers at USC and ISI Pioneered the field of Sensor Information Technology DARPA and NSF have Programs and Initiatives in Sensor Networks

3. May18, 2004General Dynamics Meeting3 Centers, Activities, and Projects USC is a Partner in UCLA’s Center for Embedded Networked Sensing (CENS) –NSF Science and Technology Center –Director: Prof. Deborah Estrin, UCLA USC SoE Sensing Systems Cluster –http://www.usc.edu/dept/engineering/research/sensornetworks.html USC Center for Robotics and Embedded Systems (CRES) –Director: Maja Mataric, USC Several Ongoing Projects in EE and CS

4. May18, 2004General Dynamics Meeting4 Some Sensor Nodes

5. May18, 2004General Dynamics Meeting5 Characteristics of Sensor Networks Sensor Nodes – Limited Battery Life Capacity – CPU, Memory Limited Software Support Ad Hoc Networks with Low Bandwidth No Network Infrastructure Link Quality – Fading and Interference Deployment – Less Control

6. May18, 2004General Dynamics Meeting6 Research Challenges Interdisciplinary Research Application Aware Research New Networking Paradigms and Protocols Self Organization and Localization Incomplete and Inaccurate Field Data Energy Efficient Algorithms and Protocols Embedded Environments and Deployment

7. May18, 2004General Dynamics Meeting7 Research in School of Engineering EE, CSCI, CE, BME Departments, and ISI Profs. Helmy, Krishnamachari, Kumar, Lee, Mitra, Mendel, Narayanan, Ortega, Prasanna, Raghavendra Profs. Govindan, Sukhatme, Requicha Profs. J. Caffrey, E. Johnson, S. Masri Dr. Heidemann and others at ISI

8. May18, 2004General Dynamics Meeting8 Sensor Nets for Search and Rescue Inactive Sensor

9. May18, 2004General Dynamics Meeting9 Sensor Nets for Search and Rescue

10. May18, 2004General Dynamics Meeting10 Sensor Nets for Search and Rescue Active Sensor

11. May18, 2004General Dynamics Meeting11 Situation Awareness Periodic Voice Traffic Internet Connectivity to Mission HQ Squad Energy Efficient one-to-all and All-to-all Broadcasting Algorithms 100-300% Improvement for Situation Awareness in Ad hoc Networks Energy Efficient one-to-all and All-to-all Broadcasting Algorithms 100-300% Improvement for Situation Awareness in Ad hoc Networks

12. May18, 2004General Dynamics Meeting12 Power Aware Computing and Commn. Multi-Level Power Management in Distributed Battlesite/Sensor Network (PAC/C Program) Task Algorithm Protocol Physical

13. May18, 2004General Dynamics Meeting13 Multiple nodes Sense data and Coordinate Multiple nodes Sense data and Coordinate Distributed Computation in Sensor Networks Application: Target Detection Application: Target Detection Power Aware Node Selection Task Allocation Collaboration Signal Processing Wireless Communication Power Aware Node Selection Task Allocation Collaboration Signal Processing Wireless Communication Non-participating node Selected node Selection / Query T1 T4 T3 T2 T5

14. May18, 2004General Dynamics Meeting14 Acoustic Sensors Sensor database provided by the Army Research Laboratory (acoustic and seismic) Microphone arrays are typically 4 ft – 8 ft in diameter, not restricted to a specific geometry Inexpensive, passive and non-line of sight capabilities Acoustic Sensor Array - RNADS Courtesy of N. Srour, Army Research Lab

15. May18, 2004General Dynamics Meeting15 Spatio-Temporal Correlation in Sensor Data Compress data to reduce storage and communication bandwidth!

16. May18, 2004General Dynamics Meeting16 A Distributed Algorithm for Waking-up in Heterogeneous Sensor Networks Event occurs N tripwires detect event Detecting tripwires run distributed algorithm => choose K optimal trackers wake-up chosen trackers RESULTS

17. May18, 2004General Dynamics Meeting17 False Alarm Detection in Wireless Sensor Network Energy in subbands are evenly distributed (no variation) Binary subband search Linear search is slow In search iteration, pick the subband with larger energy and compare with a threshold Negative if greater than the threshold Report false alarm in the end It is possible detected signal is due to noise Processing such noise data leads to unnecessary use of resources False alarm detection help to save energy significantly

18. May18, 2004General Dynamics Meeting18 Traffic shaping to mitigate Hotspots Cluster based Traffic Shaping Cluster –Scheduled data collection within cluster Data Combination (DC) –Packet size vs. Packet number Rate Adaptation (RA) – Adapt rate according to latency bound Traffic Dispersal (TD) –Spread data traffic away from hot spot

19. May18, 2004General Dynamics Meeting19 Structural Health Monitoring Goal: Design sensor networks for improving the safety of structures (buildings, bridges, ships, aircraft, spacecraft) Research focuses: –Local excitation based damage identification –System components for fine- grain structural monitoring Multi-disciplinary effort: –John Caffrey (CE), Ramesh Govindan (CS), Erik Johnson (CE), Bhaskar Krishnamachari (EE), Sami Masri (CE), Gaurav Sukhatme (CS)

20. May18, 2004General Dynamics Meeting20 Courses and Conferences ACM Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications Workshop IEEE SECON Conf. in October 2004 Edited Book on Wireless Sensor Networks Pertinent Courses Offered: –Advanced Topics in Computer Networks and Distributed Systems (Prof. Ramesh Govindan, CS 694) –Wireless Sensor Networks (Prof. Bhaskar Krishnamachari, EE 652) –Intelligent Embedded Systems (Prof. Gaurav Sukhatme, CS 546) –Wireless Networking, Design and Analysis Laboratory (Prof. Ahmed Helmy, EE 599)

21. May18, 2004General Dynamics Meeting21 Faculty Contact Information A. Helmy, helmy@usc.edu, (213) 821-1329 B. Krishnamachari, bkrishna@usc.edu, (213) 821-2528 V. Kumar, vijayk@usc.edu, (213) 740-4668 D. Lee, dclee@usc.edu, (213) 740-0882 U. Mitra, ubli@usc.edu, (213) 740-4667 J. Mendel, mendel@sipi.usc.edu, (213) 740-4445 S. Narayanan, shri@sipi.usc.edu, (213) 740-6432 A. Ortega, ortega@sipi.usc.edu, (213)740- V. Prasanna, prasanna@usc.edu, (213) 740-4483 C. Raghavendra, raghu@usc.edu, (213) 740-9133 R.Govindan, ramesh@usc.edu, (213) 740-4509 G. Sukhatme, gaurav@usc.edu, (213) 740-0218uu A. Requicha, requicha@lepari.usc.edu, (213) 740-4502 J. Caffrey, (213) 740-0603 E. Johnson, johnsonE@usc.edu, (213) 740-0610 S. Masri, masri@usc.edu, (213) 740-0602 J. Heidemann, johnh@isi.edu, (310) 448-8708