1. Monday 1/12/15 RAP List three basic concepts of government that influenced government in the English colonies. (Ch. 2.1) Today: Student News Review Ch. 2.1 and 2.2 Read the “Declaration of Independence” Ch. 2.3 reading and section assessment #1-6

2. Ch. 2.1 “Our Political Beginnings” Limited government: Government is not all powerful; government is restricted in what it may do, each individual has certain rights; came from GB Representative government: From GB; government should serve the will of the people—people should have a voice in deciding what government should do and not do. “by the people, for the people” Magna Carta: A great charter that King John of England was forced to sign by the barons of England in 1215. They wanted protection from the heavy handed and arbitrary acts by the king. Trial by jury, due process of law, protection of life, liberty and property.

3. As a class Please read the primary source, “The Magna Carta,” on page 33, and answer the three questions at the end. Title in your notes Magna Carta 1.What basic American right has its origins in Article 39 of the Magna Carta? 2.Which article provides the basis for the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution, which states that no person can “be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law”? 3.What limits does Article 12 place on the king’s power to tax?

4. Petition of Right: Limited the king, Charles I of England's power in 1628 – no longer imprison or punish any person but by the lawful judgment of his peers. Challenged Divine Right. English Bill of Rights: Parliament drew up a list of provisions known as the English Bill of Rights, in 1689, for King William and Mary. It prohibited a standing army in peacetime, except with consent of Parliament; right of fair trial, freedom of excessive bail, etc.

5. Albany plan of Union: 1754, a plan offered up by Benjamin Franklin, he proposed an annual congress of delegates from all 13 colonies. Here they would meet to discuss the colonies issues. The representatives would have the power to raise military and naval forces, collect duties, tax, regulate trade, make war and peace. This was ahead of its time.

6. Declaration of Independence pg.40-43 Popcorn read: Please complete the Comprehension questions #1-5 as we read. Keep in your notes

7. Tuesday 1/13/15 RAP What were the Articles of Confederation? Were they a good idea? Explain. Today: Finish section assessment Ch. 2.3—show Gipson for stamp Begin reading Ch. 2.4 and complete handout on Creating the Constitution and 2.5 – federalists v. anti-federalists.

8. Please read Ch. 2.3 “The Critical Period” Complete the section assessment in your notes. Have Gipson stamp your answers to questions 1-6! Before you read 2.4 and 2.5 If you complete your section assessment please grab a handout on the podium. Handout on Ch. 2.4 and 2.5 readings –please complete by Wednesday.

9. Wednesday 1/14/15 RAP How had the Articles of Confederation created a government unable to deal with the nation’s troubles? (pg.45) Today: CE presentations 20 minutes to finish Ch. 2 Will Review Ch. 2 tomorrow.

10. Thursday 1/15/15 RAP Describe the framers of the Constitution. How do they compare to our leaders in Washington today? Explain. Today: Review Ch.2 Quick Study of Ch. 2 for quiz

11. Ch. 2.3: The Critical Period Articles of Confederation: Plan of government giving the states more power than the central government. Many weaknesses One vote for each state, regardless of size. Congress powerless to lay and collect taxes or duties. Congress powerless to regulate foreign and interstate commerce. No executive to enforce acts of Congress No national court system Amendment only with consent of all states. A 9/13 majority required to pass laws. Articles only a “firm league of friendship.” Many realized the need for a stronger government.

12. Ch. 2.4: Creating the Constitution Framers of the Constitution, met in Philadelphia, on Friday May 25, 1787. Wealthy, prestigious, and men of public experience. 39 had been members of the Continental Congress; eight signed the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, John Hancock, and Richard Henry Lee were not at the Convention. Met at Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence had been signed. Worked in secrecy. William Jackson kept the journal for the convention. James Madison also took notes, and he soon became the main contributor to the Constitution. Also, he is known as the “Father of the Constitution.”

13. Virginia Plan: On May 29 th, created the first plan for the convention. Work was mainly the work of Madison. 3 separate branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. Congress would choose a “national Executive” and a “national Judiciary.” State officers should take an oath to support the nation Basically a plan to revise the A o C. Many delegates from the smaller states thought it was too radical.

14. New Jersey Plan: Amendments to the A o C but not as radical as the Virginia Plan. Retained the unicameral congress. Each state had equal representation. Federal executive of more than one person; chosen by Congress. Major disagreement between the two plans centered on: How should the States be represented in Congress? Would it be on the basis of their populations or financial contributions, as in the Virginia Plan? Or would it be on the basis of State equality, as in the A o C and the New Jersey Plan.

16. Connecticut Compromise: Agreed that Congress should be composed of two houses. Senate – each state would receive two senators – equal representation. House of Representatives – would be based on population. Also known as the Great Compromise because it was so pivotal to the writing of the Constitution! Three Fifths Compromise: How were slaves to be counted? Many thought it should be free people only, northerners, but southerners wanted their slave population included. So the compromise was that three fifths of the slave population would be counted in slave holding states.

17. Commerce and Slave Trade: Congress was given the power to regulate foreign and interstate trade. This made many southerners nervous. They feared export duties would rise and the slave trade would be interfered with, so an agreement had to be made. Congress was forbidden the power to act on the slave trade for a period of at least 20 years! Which group were ignored, or even harmed by the compromises that created the Constitution?

18. Framers: educated, widely read and familiar with governments of ancient Greece and Rome; Lock, Montesquieu, Rousseau. Also, some are from the Second Continental Congress, Articles of Confederation, and their own state governments. Some Framers: Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Marshall, Patrick Henry, James Monroe, and Richard Henry Lee but not all signed the document. (Pages 49 and 771) Sources that influenced the Framers were William Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England, Baron de Montesquieu’s The Spirit of the Laws, Jean Jacques Rousseau’s Social Contract, and John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government, and many more.