1. Eyesight effects Visual fatigue (temporary) – impaired visual performance – red or sore eyes – headache visually a demanding task but:- – no permanent damage caused – no worsening of existing defects though they may be brought to light by DSE work

2. The Eye

3. Causes of eyesight effects Staying in position or concentrating for a long time poor position of DSE poor legibility of screen or documents poor lighting, glare or reflections drifting, flickering, or jittering image

4. Anatomy and Physiology and common Musculoskeletal problems

5. The Spine

6. The Spine - Close up

8. Static Postures Static postures exert forces (static loading) on muscles and tendons, which contributes to fatigue. This occurs because not moving increases muscle tension so impedes the flow of blood that is needed to bring nutrients to the muscles and to carry away the waste products of muscle metabolism. Static posture Fatigued muscles Injury Pain

9. The Neck

10. Neck problems Common conditions Cervical Spondylosis Whiplash Degeneration Trapped nerve Main Causes – Trauma e.g. whiplash – Poor posture – Degeneration Symptoms – Pain local and referred – Spasm – Pins and needles – Headaches – Swelling and heat

11. Back problems Back pain is common 80% of adults will suffer with back pain Possible conditions Slipped disc Degeneration Spondylosis Spondylolisthesis Possible Causes Poor position/posture Length of time in one position Lack of body fitness Static muscle loading

12. Back pain Spondylolisthesis is the movement of one vertebra in either the foreward or backward direction due to instability.

13. Back pain How we sit and what we sit on affects the health of the spine

14. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome compression of the nerves & blood vessels can also occur with repetitive activities when the arms are held overhead or extended forward the more likely cause is slouching forward and dropping the shoulders causing tension in the muscles at the side of the neck & constricting the arteries and nerves.

15. Epicondylitis Epicondylitis:- - Tennis elbow (outside) -Golfer’s elbow (inside) Tennis elbow – Caused due to the over use of the muscles attached by the common extensor origin to the bones of the elbow The area will be painful and tender to touch and movements of the wrist and hand especially when loaded, will be painful. Rest and anti inflammatory medication usually reduce the symptoms Golfer’s elbow – Similar to tennis elbow however pain and inflammation is experienced on the inner side of the elbow. Pain may spread to the forearm and wrist.

16. Tenosynovitis and Tendonitis Tenosynovitis affects the sheath of tendons and Tendonitis affects the tendon itself:- Caused by overuse or awkward use. Any tendon can be affected however commonly seen in the wrist and hand. Symptoms include pain, tenderness and swelling of the affected area and sometimes stiffness of the joint which is moved by the tendon. Resting the joint and taking anti inflammatory medication can help to ease the problem area.

17. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Carpal Tunnel Syndrome :- Occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the hand, becomes pressed or squeezed at the wrist. Symptoms usually start gradually, with frequent burning, tingling, or itching numbness in the palm of the hand and the fingers, especially the thumb and the index and middle fingers. Women more prone than men

18. Bursitis and Ganglions