1. Origins of the Cold War The United States and the Cold War

2. QUESTIONS. Why is this event called the “Cold War”? In what ways would the Cold War be fought? Is pure communism possible to achieve? Why do you believe communism is appealing to downtrodden nations? Why is communism frightening to American citizens? Describe the importance and necessity of the conferences at Yalta and Potsdam. What nations made up the allied powers during World War II?

3. The Cold War What was the Cold War? “The nonviolent conflict between the U.S. and the former U.S.S.R. after 1945. A conflict or dispute between two groups that does not involve actual fighting.” What did each side want? So, where did it all go wrong? USSR broken promises in the eastern Europe. What major European city would be the main ideological battleground for the Cold War? Berlin, Germany.

4. Map Work Locate the following nations or “things”. Great Britain France West Germany East Germany Poland Hungary Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia Romania Bulgaria Greece Turkey The Soviet Union (USSR) Berlin (dot it on the map and label.) The Iron Curtain Define: Satellite Nations

5. Why would the Soviet Union want a border between them and western Europe?

6. QUESTION. Where do we get the term “Iron Curtain”?

7. The Cold War Soon after World War II, something needed to be done to stop the USSR… \ \ George F. Kennan In February 1946, Kennan drafted the “Long Telegram”. The USSR was “ruthlessly expansionary” but also timid and careful.

8. QUESTION. THINKING AHEAD TO UNDERSTAND THE PAST. Can one ever truly stop the spread of an idea?

9. The Cold War Kennan’s Solution to the Soviet Threat of expansion? “Firm and vigilant containment” was needed. Containment would be the key to fighting in the Cold War. What would happen if we failed to contain communism? The Domino Theory would occur.

10. The Cold War How would President Truman stop the spread of communism? 1. The Truman Doctrine (March 1947) 2. The Marshall Plan (Summer 1947)

11. QUESTION. What did the Soviets want for the future of Germany? What did the western powers want for the future of Germany?

12. Conflict in Berlin 1948 : Great Britain, France, and the United States combine their zones into one nation. Why? An impoverished West Germany was vulnerable to communism.

13. The Berlin Blockade What did the Soviet Union do in response to this unification? June 1948: Blockaded all access to West Berlin from West Germany. Why does this matter? Containment is being tested. If the west does not respond? West Berlin falls.

14. QUESTION. What should the United States do: Fight the Soviets or abandon West Berlin?

15. The Berlin Blockade What did the Soviet Union do? Blockaded all waterway, highway, and rail transport to West Berlin. Why does this matter? Containment is being tested. If the west does not respond? West Berlin has to turn to the USSR for assistance from supplies What does the United States do? The Berlin AirliftFor 327 days, over 277,000 flights brought more than 2.3 million tons of supplies into West Berlin causing the Soviets to back down in 1949. USA – 1 USSR – 0

16. The Formation of NATO What is NATO? North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949). A political and military alliance between (currently, 28) states that promotes freedom and security throughout the world through collective defensive measures. First nations to join? Belgium & the Netherlands Denmark & Norway France & Great Britain Iceland Italy Luxembourg Portugal The United States & Canada Greece and Turkey Consequences? The United States as an isolationist nation was now gone forever. A Brief History of NATO