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Published byLee McDonald Modified over 9 years ago
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Regulation of food intake
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Food intake Regulation –Endocrine Adipose tissue Pancreas Liver Muscle –CNS
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Critical area of study –Type II diabetes Obesity –Hormones involved in appetite regulation Interaction with insulin –Glucose uptake –Triglyceride metabolism
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Endocrine factors Adipose tissue –Leptin –Adiponectin –Resistin GI tract –Ghrelin
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Leptin Product of ob gene –16 kDa –No major similarity with other hormones
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Produced by differentiated adipocytes –Acts on the CNS Hypothalamus Anorectic hormone –Appetite suppression –Acts on endocrine organs Pancreas Liver
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Interaction with reproductive axis –Starvation Reduced leptin level Reduced reproductive efficiency –Suppression of HP-gonadal axis –Interaction between food intake and reproduction (detection of energy adequacy)
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Mechanism of action –Leptin receptor Type I cytokine receptor –Several isoforms Found throughout body Leptin binding proteins
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Mechanism of action –CNS Suppression of neuropeptide Y expression in brain –Suppression of appetite
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Circulating leptin concentrations –Determined by body fat mass –Secretion regulated by nonhormonal and hormonal factors Stimulatory –Insulin –Glucocorticoids –Overeating Inhibitory –Fasting –cAMP –Beta receptor agonists
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Clinical significance Hyperleptinemia –Human obesity Associated with body mass index Basal leptin concentrations –Positively correlated with insulin if a person is insulin-sensitive –Not influenced by age, basal glucose concentrations
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Eating disorder –Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa Leptin concentrations relfect BMI –Body fat content Weight maintenance –Leptin concentrations reflect body fat mass Weight loss/gain –Sensor of energy imbalance
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