1. Behavior Management: Positive Applications for Teachers, Sixth Edition © 2012, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 7 Single-Subject Designs

2. Behavior Management: Positive Applications for Teachers, 6e – Zirpoli ISBN: 0137065221 © 2012, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7-2 Purpose of Single-Subject Designs to demonstrate experimental control and intervention effects. ideal for teachers who wish to examine a behavior change for a single child or small group

3. Behavior Management: Positive Applications for Teachers, 6e – Zirpoli ISBN: 0137065221 © 2012, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7-3 Baseline and Intervention Conditions Baseline condition – condition A Baseline data are collected on a specific target behavior before an intervention strategy is employed. Intervention condition – condition B Data collection continues throughout the intervention condition.

4. Behavior Management: Positive Applications for Teachers, 6e – Zirpoli ISBN: 0137065221 © 2012, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7-4 Types of Single-Subject: A-B Design The A-B design Simplest single-subject test Only 2 conditions are used Condition A: Baseline Condition B: Intervention

5. Behavior Management: Positive Applications for Teachers, 6e – Zirpoli ISBN: 0137065221 © 2012, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7-5 The A-B-A Design After withdrawing the intervention condition, a second baseline condition is employed 3 conditions are used A- Initial baseline B- Initial intervention A- Intervention withdrawn and baseline reintroduced

6. Behavior Management: Positive Applications for Teachers, 6e – Zirpoli ISBN: 0137065221 © 2012, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7-6 The A-B-A-B Design The intervention condition is used after second baseline - 4 conditions A- Initial baseline data are collected and recorded B- Intervention plan is initiated A- Intervention plan is withdrawn and baseline condition is reintroduced B- Baseline condition is withdrawn and intervention is introduced a second time

7. Behavior Management: Positive Applications for Teachers, 6e – Zirpoli ISBN: 0137065221 © 2012, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7-7 Alternate Treatment Design To assess the relative effectiveness of two or more treatment conditions 3 conditions A- Baseline B- First intervention C- First intervention is terminated and a second (different) intervention is introduced

8. Behavior Management: Positive Applications for Teachers, 6e – Zirpoli ISBN: 0137065221 © 2012, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7-8 Changing Criterion Design used to increase/decrease performance of a single behavior by gradually increasing the criterion across several time intervals the intervention divided into sub-phases once the criterion achieved, a new criterion is established

9. Behavior Management: Positive Applications for Teachers, 6e – Zirpoli ISBN: 0137065221 © 2012, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7-9 Multiple-Baseline Designs Multiple-baseline-across-subjects same intervention/different students Multiple-baseline-across-behaviors same intervention & child – different behaviors Multiple-baseline-across-settings design same intervention & child – different settings

10. Behavior Management: Positive Applications for Teachers, 6e – Zirpoli ISBN: 0137065221 © 2012, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7-10 Summary Single subject designs allow teachers to evaluate intervention effects on a single child or small group of children Multiple design approaches from simple A-B to more complex All involve review of baseline & intervention data to determine effectiveness of behavioral change programs