1. Yoga Health Psychology Daniel Bradford Amber Goodwin Charity Lindsey Jessica Motte

2. What is Yoga?...“the bonding of mind, body, & soul.” Everything You Need to Know About Yoga: An Introduction for Teens by Stephanie Weiss. New York Rosen Publishing Group, 1999.

3. 4 Main Types of Yoga 1. Bhaki Yoga - path of devotion  Chanting 2. Karma Yoga - path of selflessness  action, ____________, & service 3. Jhana Yoga - path of transcendental knowledge  scholarship Everything You Need to Know About Yoga: An Introduction for Teens by Stephanie Weiss. New York Rosen Publishing Group, 1999.

4. 4. Ashtanga Yoga - path of Patanjali  8 Steps Self Control Character / Self Purification Body Postures ____________ Merging of the senses Concentration Meditation Absorption Everything You Need to Know About Yoga: An Introduction for Teens by Stephanie Weiss. New York Rosen Publishing Group, 1999.

5. 5 Restraints Nonviolence  includes ____________ and environmentalism Truthfulness Non-stealing Abstinence Non-possessiveness Everything You Need to Know About Yoga: An Introduction for Teens by Stephanie Weiss. New York Rosen Publishing Group, 1999.

6. Yoga Vocab Meditation - “focusing intently on one sound, idea, image, or goal” Unity - being one with the self, others, and world ____________ - “sound, word, or phrase that is repeated during meditation”

7. Benefits Improvements in patients with:  ____________  Carpal Tunnel Syndrome  Asthma  Epilepsy  Psychological Disorders

8. Arthritis Rheumatoid & Osteoarthritis of hands  Increased handgrip strength  Increased ____________  Decreased pain Dash, M., & Telles, S. (2001). Improvement in handgrip strength in rheumatoid arthritis patients following yoga training. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 45(3), 355-360. Garfinkel, M., Shumacher H., Hussain A., and Levy, M. (1994). Evaluation of a yoga based regimen for treatment of osteoarthritis of the hands. Journal of Rheumatology, 21(12), 2341-2343.

9. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Increased handgrip Pain reduction Garfinkle, M., Singhal A., Katz W., and Allan, D. (1998). Yoga-based intervention for carpal tunnel syndrome: A randomized trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 280(18), 1601-1603.

10. Asthma Increased breathing Increased ____________ Iyengar, B., Manocha R., Marks G., and Peters, D. (2002). Sahaja yoga in the management of moderate to severe asthma: A randomized controlled trial. Thorax Journal, 57(2), 110-115.

11. Epilepsy ____________ in frequency and duration of attacks when yoga used with prescription medication Ramaratnam S, Sridharan K. Yoga for epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000, (3): CD001524. PMID: 10908505 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

12. Psychological Disorders & Mood Change Decreased anxiety Decreased depression  Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences of India Better control over emotional ____________  State Research Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Lavey, R., & Sherman, T. (2005). The effects of yoga on mood in psychiatric patients. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 28(4), 399-402. Ray, U., Mukhopadhyaya S., Tomer, O., & Thakur, L. (2001). Effect of yogic exercises on physical and mental health. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 45(1), 37-53.

13. Psychological Disorders, cont. Improvements in  Tension-anxiety  Depression  ____________  Fatigue-inertia  Confusion Lavey, R., & Sherman, T. (2005). The effects of yoga on mood in psychiatric patients. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 28(4), 399-402.

14. Empirical Research in Yoga

15. Research Questions What do we want to know about yoga? Does it really help?  we need empirical evidence  controlled studies Watts, F. (2000). Psychological research questions about yoga. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 3(1), 71-83.

16. Questions, cont. In what ways can we prove it helps?  statistical proof  hard evidence  not only ____________ Watts, F. (2000). Psychological research questions about yoga. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 3(1), 71-83.

17. Questions, cont. How does it help?  what is the mechanism  is it something measurable? How do we find this out??? Watts, F. (2000). Psychological research questions about yoga. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 3(1), 71-83.

18. Watts’ take Two questions  process questions  outcome questions Watts, F. (2000). Psychological research questions about yoga. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 3(1), 71-83.

19. Outcome Questions  naturalistic advantages= accomplishment, authentic pursuit, early studies. disadvantages= what is actually special, comparison.  experimental advantages= comparison, control, statistics disadvantages= only part of yoga, Our Continuing problem… Watts, F. (2000). Psychological research questions about yoga. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 3(1), 71-83.

20. Process questions  _______________  mind effect on body  breathing  stability and control  awareness What did Jung have to say about it? Watts, F. (2000). Psychological research questions about yoga. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 3(1), 71-83.

21. Lavey, R. et al. (2005). The effects of yoga on mood in psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 28(4), 399-402.

22. What are some alternative explanations for this?  ________________________  general relaxation  changes in mood from first to last class  sample six Lavey, R. et al. (2005). The effects of yoga on mood in psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 28(4), 399-402.

23. Class Activity Breathing Exercise led by:  Gautam Jeppu Civil Engineering Grad Student Trained in numerous forms of yoga including: Ashtanga Yoga, Dharmastala Yoga, & Iyengar Yoga