1. Alexia Molina, Sofia Batres, Javier Atala, Nelson Frech
Chapter 3
Alexia Molina, Sofia Batres,
Javier Atala, Nelson Frech

3. Section 1: States of Matter
Solids:
Definite shape and definite volume
Particles are close together
2 types: Amorphous and Crystalline
Amorphous solids: particles are not arranged in a regular pattern.
Crystalline solids: particles are arranged in a pattern.

4. Liquids… Definite volume but no definite shape Particles move freely
Properties of Liquids:
Surface Tension: an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together.
Viscosity: a liquids resistance to flowing

5. Gases… No definite shape No definite volume
Particles move rapidly and they fill all the space available.
Gases are also considered fluids which means substance that flows.

6. Section 2: Changes of State
Melting: changes from solid to liquid
Most pure substances melt at a specific temperature.
The particles of a solid are vibrating so fast they break free from their fixed position.
Freezing: changes from a liquid to solid.
The particles of a liquid are moving so slow they form regular patterns.

8. Changes in State Vaporization: changes from liquid to gas
Particles in a liquid gain enough energy to form a gas.
Evaporation: takes place only in the surface of a liquid.
Boiling: occurs when a liquid changes to a gas below it surface as well as at surface.
Boiling point: the temperature at which a liquid boils.
Condensation: occurs when particles in a gas lose enough thermal energy to form a liquid.

10. Solid to gas
Sublimation: occurs when the surface particles of a solid gain enough energy that they form a gas.
During sublimation particles of a solid do not pass through the liquid state as they form a gas.

12. Changes of State Melting Vaporization Melting Point Boiling Point
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Freezing
Condensation
Sublimation
Deposition
Fluids
Solids
Liquids
Gases
-Crystalline
-Amorphous
-Surface Tension
-Viscosity
-Evaporating
-Boiling
-Particles Fixed
Packed: Closely Together
-Move Freely
-Close
-Far Apart
-Definite Shape
-Definite Volume
-Undefined shape
-Undefined Shape
-Undefined Volume

13. Section 3: Gas behavior Measuring gases
When working with gas, it is helpful to know its volume, temperature, and pressure
Volume: the amount of space that matter files.
Temperature: the measure of the average energy of random motion of the particles in a substance
Pressure: force of its outward push divided by the area of the walls of the container

14. Pressure and Volume Pressure & Volume Boyle’s Law Inverse T ↑P ↓V
Pressure & Temperature
Direct V
↑P ↑T
↓P ↓T
Volume & Temperature
Charles’s Law P
↑V ↑T
↓V ↓T

15. Boyle’s Law
Pressure (kPa)
Volume (mL)

16. Charles’s Law

17. Laws… Boyle`s Law: when pressure decreases, volume increases
Charles`s Law: when pressure increases so does volume.

18. Section 4: Graphing Gas Behavior
First you collect data and then you graph it.
After gathering info you record temperature and data
Origin: a line that passes through all cero points
Vary Inversely: when a graph of two variables forms a kind of curve.
Y axis= Volume
X axis =Temperature
Temperature (K)
Volume (mL)