1. INCORPORATING NETWORK ANALYST TO DETERMINE EVACUATION ROUTE FOR TSUNAMI Ratna sari dewi The National Coordinating Agency for Survey and Mapping Asian Geospasial Forum, 17-19 October 2011 –Mulia Senayan Hotel – Jakarta, Indonesia

2. OUTLINES Objective Objective Background Background Method Method Results and Discussions Results and Discussions Conclusions Conclusions

3. To develop a methodology to choose the most effective evacuation routes using GIS tools in a tsunami-prone area To develop a methodology to choose the most effective evacuation routes using GIS tools in a tsunami-prone area Network Analyst OBJECTIVE

4. Tsunami is very destructive, cause a huge number of fatalities, damages, and cause considerable economic and business losses. Tsunami is very destructive, cause a huge number of fatalities, damages, and cause considerable economic and business losses. The destruction due to tsunami impact is various depending on the source, the distance from the epicenter and also the intensity of the trigger factors which cause tsunami. The destruction due to tsunami impact is various depending on the source, the distance from the epicenter and also the intensity of the trigger factors which cause tsunami. http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_E-QOnTGFX_o/RyC4LWX3x9I/AAAAAAAACC4/pBwbjAXEERk/s320/tsunami.jpg BACKGROUND (1)

5. BACKGROUND (2) Oil company refinary Sea Port Oil company refinary Shipping Port Power Plant Agricultural Area Factories Residential Areas why need evacuation plan?

6. Tsunami mitigation plan  evacuation plays a crucial measure for saving human live. Tsunami mitigation plan  evacuation plays a crucial measure for saving human live. To determine the best evacuation route from a given point we have to identify the fastest path from that point to the assembly point. To determine the best evacuation route from a given point we have to identify the fastest path from that point to the assembly point. This fastest path is not always the shortest path. This fastest path is not always the shortest path. BACKGROUND (3)

7. METHODS (1)... Flowchart

8. NoActivitiesData RequirementSource 1.Building Inventory and Asessment including Capacity estimation Building use mapQuickBird image, Field observation 2.Population estimationPopulation dataBPS & Fieldwork 3.Establishing of road network datasets Road network mapTopographic map, QuickBird Image, Fieldwork 4.Generating evacuation model Service area & Additional shelters Routes Center of population, shelter buildings, Network Analysis Research Activities METHODS (2) …. Research activities

9. METHODS (3)… Network Datasets Evacuation route is created by using Network Analyst. Criteria for developing network Datasets: – Travel Impedance – Travel Impedance : represents the cost of travelling  distance, time, fuel consumption, cost, etc – Restriction – Restriction : the network datasets have rules about how objects travel through them  set directions called one- way or two-way streets – Evacuation Time – Evacuation Time : can identify challenges to efficient evacuation which allows mitigation measures to be pre- planned.

10. METHODS (4)… Network Datasets Walking conditionAverage walking speed A person pushing a perambulator1.070 m/s A person with a child1.020 m/s A independent walking elderly person0.948 m/s A group of walking elderly people0.751 m/s Evacuee walking speed Knoblauch (1996) stated that walking rates are influenced by a variety of factor including the width of the roads, road density, the number of pedestrians in a group, etc. For this research due to the time constraint in conducting the research, the speed of walking in a particular road was only influenced by the walking speed of evacuees and the width of the roads.

11. 10 minutes was taken as time needed for people to react 22 minutes for people to go to shelter buildings. Regarding evacuation process, 22 minute-evacuation time was split into 17 minutes travelling on the network to shelter building and 5 minutes climbing up to the upper floor Time allocated for tsunami evacuation Source : Charnkol and Tanaboriboon (2006), Post et. al. (2009), Widyaningrum (2009) METHODS (5)… Evacuation Time

12. RESULTS (1) Building use MAP Purpose: To assess the appropriate of buildings as evacuation shelter Several criteria to assess the buildings were the number of floors, design, construction, alternate function and the location of the buildings.

13. RESULTS (2) Name, location, CoordinateFunction, floor, distance from shorelineImage SMA Al-Irsyad, Sidanegara, 281476, 9146883School, 3 floors, Shore distance : 1.328 m STIKES, Sidanegara, 281494.4, 9146957School, 3 floors, Shore distance : 1.366 m Building Estimation for Shelter

14. RESULTS (3) Population Estimation Day Night

15. RESULTS (3) Road Network Topographic Map Improved Data

16. RESULTS (4).. Shelter buildings What factor should be considered ??

17. EVACUATION ROUTES

18. CONCLUSIONS The realistic model is determined by the detailed input data. Different scenarios of population over the day will result in different allocation of ESB. GIS software (ArcGIS including Network Analyst) is proved to be powerful in conducting evacuation model.

19. Thank you for your attention

20. The tsunami warning should be issued within 5 minutes after the earthquake to the authorities, media, and communities at regional level. Meanwhile at national level, tsunami warning should be disseminated 10 minutes after the earthquake. Then, the system is waiting for the confirmation of the sea level monitoring from tide gauge or buoy station. When tsunami occurrence is confirmed by sea level monitoring, then the tsunami warning dissemination will be confirmed as well. On the contrary, if the sea level does not confirmed, the cancellation of the tsunami warning should be issued.