1. Radiographic Anatomy and Positioning of the Upper Extremity

2. Intended Learning Outcomes
The student should be able to recognize clinical radiographic technical principles of the upper limb

3. Upper extremity consists of:
Phalanges
Metacarpals
Carpals
Radius
Ulna
Humerus

4. The hand & wrist consists of :
27 Bones
Phalanges
Metacarpals - 5
Carpals

5. Phalanges Fingers & thumb 3 separate bones Digits 2-5 Thumb Proximal
Middle
Distal
Tuft
Thumb

6. Naming of Digits 1 2 3 4 5
Thumb
Index
Middle
Ring
Little

7. Joints Interphalangeal Metacarpophalangeal Distal Interphalangeal
Proximal Interphalangeal

8. Metacarpals Palm Numbering Three parts Joints Head Shaft Base MP
Carpometacarpal
Head
Base
Shaft

9. Carpals (Wrist) 8 bones Proximal row Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum
Pisiform d c a b

10. Carpals (continued) Distal row Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate d b

11. Carpal Joints
Radiocarpal
Intercarpal

12. Distal Radius & Ulna Radial Styloid Process Ulnar Styloid Process
Distal Radioulnar Jt.

13. Radiographic Anatomy

14. Tuft
2nd DIP Jt.
2nd PIP Jt.
2nd MP Jt.
IP Jt.
1st MP Jt.
CM Jt.
Radiocarpal Jt.

15. Trapezium
Trapezoid
Scaphoid
Pisiform

16. Hamate
Triquitral
Capitate
Lunate

17. Motions of the Hand & Wrist
Radial Flexion (Ulnar Deviation)
Ulnar Flexion (Radial Deviation)

18. Positioning of the Hand & Wrist

19. Finger Routine projections Film size SID CR PA Medial Oblique
Lateral Oblique
Lateral
Film size
SID CR

20. PA

21. Lateral

22. Medial oblique

23. Lateral oblique

24. Prevention of
Immobilize
Sandbags
Tape
Short exposure time

25. Thumb Routine projections Film size SID CR AP PA Oblique AP Oblique
Lateral
Film size
SID CR

26. AP

27. Lateral

28. PA Oblique

29. AP Oblique

30. Structures shown

31. Hand Routine projections Non-routine projections PA
PA Oblique-Lateral Rotation
Fan Lateral
Non-routine projections
Lateral for Foreign Body

32. Routine Hand Projections
Routine projections PA
PA Oblique-Lateral Rotation
Fan Lateral
Film size
SID CR

33. PA

34. PA Oblique-Lateral Rotation

35. Fan Lateral

36. Structures Shown

37. Non-routine projections of the Hand

38. Lateral for Foreign Body

39. Wrist Routine projections Non-routine projections PA (Ulnar Flexion)
PA Oblique-Lateral Rotation
Lateral
Non-routine projections
PA-no flexion
Stetcher
Carpal Canal (Gaynor-Hart)

40. Routine Wrist Projections
Routine projections
PA (Ulnar Flexion)
PA Oblique-Lateral Rotation
Lateral
Film size
SID CR

41. PA (Ulnar Flexion)

42. PA Oblique-Lateral Rotation

43. Lateral

44. Structures shown

45. Non-routine projections of the Wrist

46. PA-no flexion

47. Scaphoid views (Stetcher)

48. Carpal Canal (Gaynor -Hart)

49. Anatomy of the Forearm & Elbow

50. Radius Distal Proximal Shaft Styloid Process Ulnar Notch Head Neck
Tuberosity
Shaft

51. Ulna Distal Proximal Shaft Head Styloid Process Olecranon process
Coronoid process
Trochlear notch
Radial notch
Shaft

52. Effects of pronation on the forearm

53. Distal Humerus anterior posterior Humeral Condyle Lateral epicondyle
Trochlea (Medial condyle)
Capitulum (Lateral condyle)
Lateral epicondyle
Medial epicondyle
Depressions
Coronoid fossa
Radial fossa
Olecranon fossa
posterior

54. Classification of Joints
Radioulnar
Proximal
Distal
Elbow

55. Radiographic Anatomy

56. Medial Epicondyle
Coronoid Process
Shaft (Ulna)
Ulnar Head
Ulnar Styloid
Process
Lateral Epicondyle
Radial Head
Radial Tuberosity
Shaft (Radius)
Distal Radioulnar Jt.
Radial Styloid Process

57. Lateral epicondyle
Capitulum
Proximal radioulnar
jt.
Radial head
Radial neck
Radial tuberosity
Olecranon fossa
Medial epicondyle
Trochlea
Coronoid process

58. Coronoid Process
Radial head
Radial neck
Condyles
Trochlear notch
Olecranon
process
Radial notch

59. Positioning of the Forearm & Elbow

60. Forearm
Routine projections AP
Lateral
Film size
SID CR

61. AP

62. Lateral

63. Structures shown

64. Elbow
Routine projections AP
Lateral
Coyle

65. Routine Elbow
Routine projections AP
Lateral
Coyle
Film size
SID CR

66. AP

67. Lateral

68. Coyle

69. Structures shown

70. ASSIGNMENT

71. Question
Mention routine radiographic positioning of the wrist joint

72. Suggested Readings
Clark’s radiographic positioning and techniques

73. Thank You