1. NOTCH EFFECTS INTRODUCTION OF A NOTCH AFFECTS THE FRACTURE PROCESS Eg: INCREASES THE DUCTILE-BRITTLE TRANSITION TEMPERATURE OF STEEL NOTCH CREATES A LOCAL STRESS PEAK AT THE ROOT OF THE NOTCH WHEN THIS LOCAL STRESS REACHES THE YIELD STRENGTH, PLASTIC FLOW BEGINS THIS RELIEVES THE HIGH ELASTIC STRESS, LIMITS THE PEAK STRESS TO THE YIELD STRESS ALSO PRODUCES A TRIAXIAL STATE OF STRESS AT THE NOTCH

2. (a). Elastic stresses under a notch in a thin plate (plane stress). (b). Elastic stresses under a notch in plain strain (c ). Distribution of σ y with z at x= 0 (plain strain) (d). Distribution of stresses during local yielding (plain strain)

3. Intersection of flow curve and fracture curve as per Ludwik theory

4. Strength V/s Transition temperature plot

5. Fracture criteria for biaxial state of stress in ductile metals Biaxial fracture criterion for brittle cast iron – Shaw’s criterion for brittle materials

6. Log-log plot of true stress-strain curve

7. Forms of power curve σ = Kε n

8. Interpretation of necking criterion

9. Considere’s construction to determine point of maximum load

10. Geometry of a necked region Stress acting on element at point O O

11. Plot of variation of local elongation with position along gauge length of a tensile specimen

12. Strain rate change test to determine strain rate sensitivity

13. Relaxation curve determined at σ o, ε o

14. Representation of long range and short range stress fields

15. Thermal activation barrier

16. Temperature dependence of the hardness of copper

17. Relationship between reduction of area and angle between the longitudinal direction in forging and the specimen axis

18. Effect of forging on longitudinal and transverse reduction of area for tensile strength 810 MPa

20. W.A. Wood’s concept of microdeformation leading to formation of fatigue crack (a) static deformation (b) fatigue deformation leading to surface notch(intrusion) (c) fatigue deformation leading to slip-band extrusion

21. Plastic blunting process for growth of stage II fatigue crack

22. S-N curve for notched and un-notched specimen using Goodman line

23. Superposition of applied and residual stresses

24. Notch stress analysis based on Neuber’s analysis

25. Role of corrosive environment on fatigue crack propagation

26. Effect of frequency on fatigue life at constant elevated temperature

27. Fold formation at a triple point

28. Intergranular cracks formation due to Grain Boundary Sliding (GBS)

29. Fatigue - creep interaction diagram for constant temperature