1. Improving Achievement The CPC Way © 2004. James M. Furukawa, J.D., Ph.D.

2. 2 of 21 Introduction Lesson 5: Chunking

3. 3 of 21 Lesson 5 will introduce you to how to chunk information together to make studying easier. Lesson Goals In this lesson you will: Lesson 5: Chunking I. Bus A. big B. yellow Click here to continue. Learn how to chunk information into a meaningful whole. meaningful whole.

4. 4 of 21 The last rule of the CPC Way requires us to chunk everything into a single, meaningful whole for later use. There are several ways to chunk information— using words, diagrams, and/or pictures. Chunking Information Lesson 5: Chunking I. Bus A. big B. yellow

5. 5 of 21 An example of using both words and pictures to chunk information is shown here. Chunking Information Lesson 5: Chunking

6. 6 of 21 Learning the simple, three-letter words (him, pox, gel, dab) can be done best by using the pictures that chunk—each previous picture is included in the next one, as shown in (c). Chunking Information Lesson 5: Chunking

7. 7 of 21 In short, words alone (a) and words and pictures (b) are not as good as having pictures that chunk the information across pictures. In fact, having words and pictures that do not chunk (b) was found to be the hardest way to learn words —more information to process. You can use this technique to learn anything that consists of parts or movements, from parts of a flower to swinging a tennis racquet. Chunking Information Lesson 5: Chunking

8. 8 of 21 To chunk words, look again at the outline of the SCHOOL story. Study it until you can think just School and recall the whole story. Remember that the key words were chosen and an outline prepared using those words. Chunking Information SCHOOL I. School A. big B. red II. Teacher A. tall B. man III. Bus A. long B. yellow Lesson 5: Chunking

9. 9 of 21 Now, using the chunking study outline of the DOGS story that you prepared, see if you can chunk everything together to remember the whole story by looking at the heading only. If you can, you are well on your way to mastery of the CPC Way of improving achievement. Chunking Information Lesson 5: Chunking Dogs I.

10. 10 of 21 You can also make a tree outline to study from as shown here. Chunking Information Lesson 5: Chunking

11. 11 of 21 In learning, we have been using VAST processes: V = Visual A = Audio S = Speech T = Thought (relate new to old information). In reviewing, however, we ask FSAT questions: F = Facts S = Summary A = Attitude T = Thought (applying new information in appropriate situations). VAST Process and FSAT Questions Lesson 5: Chunking

12. 12 of 21 We have used VAST to learn about dogs. Let’s see how well we have learned by asking FSAT questions as a review. VAST Process and FSAT Questions Lesson 5: Chunking FSAT F = Facts S = Summary A = Attitude T = Thought FSAT F = Facts S = Summary A = Attitude T = Thought

13. 13 of 21 F = Facts 1. What is the name of the tiny dog? 2. What do dogs eat? 3. How heavy is the chow? 4. What does a malamute do? S = Summary Can you tell your classmates the dog story? A = Attitude 1. Do you like small or big dogs? 2. If you had to choose, what dog would you buy? Why? T = Thought Do you think people should have pet dogs? Why? VAST Process and FSAT Questions Lesson 5: Chunking FSAT F = Facts S = Summary A = Attitude T = Thought FSAT F = Facts S = Summary A = Attitude T = Thought

14. 14 of 21 Baseball players, basketball players, and musicians all spend many hours practicing. Practice (review) also applies to learning. The more you practice, the more you will remember, and the more effectively you can use your knowledge to get a job or to solve problems. Practice Lesson 5: Chunking

15. 15 of 21 Practice is necessary because we quickly forget much of what we learn unless we practice. How much will we forget? It is not uncommon to forget, in a few days, as much as 75% of what we learn. However, it is not completely lost. Several more review sessions will normally allow you to remember almost 100% of what you originally learned. In other words, relearning something is much easier and faster. The best way to review is to ask FSAT questions. Practice Lesson 5: Chunking

16. 16 of 21 Click the button below to go to Appendix 5 and print a copy of the Student’s Checklist: CPC Way. When you are finished printing, close the window to return to this screen. Suggestion: Print it on card-stock paper and laminate it. Use it as a guide to improve achievement in the future. Lesson 5: Chunking Student’s Checklist

17. 17 of 21 What does CPC stand for and how should 1. What does CPC stand for and how should you use it? you use it? 2. What are VAST processes? When do you use them? them? 3. What are FSAT questions? When do you ask them? them? Answer your questions on a sheet of paper. Chunking: QUESTIONS 5-1 ? ? ? Lesson 5: Chunking

18. 18 of 21 1. C = Capacity. Overload avoided? P = Pyramid. Outline of keywords and graphics prepared? C = Chunking. Chunked keywords and graphics to form a single, meaningful whole? Chunking: ANSWERS 5-1A Lesson 5: Chunking

19. 19 of 21 2. VAST processes use visual input (V), audio (A), speech (S), and thought (T). They are used to relate new information with old information. 3. FSAT questions ask you to identify the facts (F), to summarize the material (S), to express your own attitude about the material (A), and to state your thoughts about the information (T). FSAT questions are used to apply new information in appropriate situations. Chunking: ANSWERS 5-1B Lesson 5: Chunking

20. 20 of 21 You have finished another lesson. Now let’s apply the information you have learned up to this point to some specific topics. Great! Lesson 5: Chunking

21. 21 of 21 You have learned the basics of the CPC Way in the first four lessons. Next In the remaining lessons we will see how to apply the CPC Way to improve: spelling, definitions, reading, lecture notes, writing, arithmetic, science, speaking and even how to take tests. Click the Next button to get started with Lesson Six. Summary Lesson 5: Chunking