1. Automotive Service Auto Service Study Guide Chapter 38 Pages 694-723
Hybrid Drive Systems
48 Points

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Hybrid abbreviated version of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV);
a type of vehicle that uses two types of propulsion.
Híbrido La versión abreviada de vehículo eléctrico híbrido (HEV);
Un tipo de vehículo que usa dos tipos de propulsión.

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6. within 5 years, 20-25% of all new car & light truck sales will have
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There are about 1.1 million hybrid vehicles on the road and some experts say that
within 5 years, 20-25% of all new car & light truck sales will have
hybrid powertrains.

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1. A ____________ vehicle uses 2 individual power sources to provide
energy for propulsion.

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2. A hybrid ______ - _____________ vehicle has an gas internal combustion
engine and an electric drive system combined into one vehicle power train.

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3. The extremely high _____________ and high ____________ stored and
generated by gas-electric hybrid drive trains are the primary safety
concerns when working on these vehicles.
High Voltage & High Current

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4. About 110 years ago (1898) _____________ __________ built a car that used
a small internal combustion engine to spin a large electric generator.
Reprimand
Ferdinand
On-Demand

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5. The 6 major assemblies working in unison under the computer control to
propel a hybrid vehicle and to operate its electrical accessory systems are:
The high–voltage ________ _____ (many cells wired in series)
The ____ - _______ (that can change functions between propulsion & generation)
The ____ ________ (high voltage electronics to either invert or convert ac & dc)
The ______ _____ ___ (an electronic control unit that monitors and controls)
____ _______ (large, insulated conductors, often bright orange in color)
The _______ ________ ________ (either gasoline or diesel for highway speeds)

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6. The gas-electric hybrid uses a conventional ___________ ______________
system to fuel the engine…ICE

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7. The motor-generator is used to both ____________ the vehicle
and to help ________ the vehicle.
Power & Stop
Limit & Advance
Afford & Payoff

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8. A vehicle that uses the motor-generator to initially accelerate and only
runs the engine when the battery pack becomes discharged is known as a:
[ ] full hybrid [ ] mild hybrid

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A vehicle propelled by its internal combustion engine only and then shuts it
down for coasting, braking, or stopping and then quickly restarts it when the brake pedal is released is a: [ ] full hybrid [ ] mild hybrid

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Mild hybrids often have a ____ or a ____ volt electrical accessory system
for EPS & HVAC.
6 or 12
36 or 42
90 or 100

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11. When describing or classifying Hybrid Drive Train Configurations:
Have a separate Generator & Traction Motor
[ ] series [ ] parallel [ ] series-parallel
Motor-Generator cannot simultaneously drive & recharge
[ ] series [ ] parallel [ ] series-parallel
Can use any combination of drive & recharge
[ ] series [ ] parallel [ ] series-parallel

21. Automotive Service Have a separate Generator & Traction Motor
[X] series [ ] parallel [ ] series-parallel

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drive & recharge
[ ] series [X] parallel [ ] series-parallel

23. Automotive Service Can use any combination of drive & recharge
[ ] series [ ] parallel [X] series-parallel

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Series
Parallel
Series-Parallel

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A series-parallel hybrid design allows the vehicle to operate in electric motor mode only or in combination with the internal combustion engine.

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A drawing of the power flow in a typical series-hybrid vehicle.

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This diagram shows the components included in a typical series-hybrid design. The solid-line arrow indicates the transmission of torque to the drive wheels. The dotted-line arrows indicate the transmission of electrical current.

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The power flow in a typical parallel-hybrid vehicle.

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Diagram showing the components involved in a typical parallel-hybrid vehicle. The solid-line arrows indicate the transmission of torque to the drive wheels, and the dotted-line arrows indicate the flow of electrical current.

30. BELT ALTERNATOR STARTER SYSTEMS (BAS)
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BELT ALTERNATOR STARTER SYSTEMS (BAS)
The belt system, called the belt alternator starter (BAS), is the least expensive system that can still claim the vehicle is a hybrid. For many buyers, cost is a major concern and the BAS system allows certain hybrid features without an entire redesign of the engine and power train. Consumers can upgrade to BAS hybrids at a reasonable cost and will get a 2% to 5% increase in fuel economy, mostly affecting city mileage. BAS replaces the belt-driven alternator with an electric motor that serves as a generator and motor. When the engine is running the motor, acting as a generator will charge a separate 36-volt battery (42-volt charging voltage).
When the engine needs to be started again after being in idle stop, the BAS motor cranks the engine by taking power from the 36-volt battery pack and applies its torque via the accessory belt

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The BAS system is used in the Saturn VUE hybrid SUV.

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________ - ____ hybrids can be connected to volt home outlet
to fully recharge the battery pack.

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________ - ____ hybrids can be connected to volt home outlet
to fully recharge the battery pack.

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The 6 modes of full hybrid drive system operation are:
All-electric drive mode Motor-assist mode Idle stop mode
Regenerative braking mode Engine starting mode Battery pack recharging mode

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__________________ braking uses the kinetic energy of normal stopping to
recharge the high voltage battery pack. NOTE: During quick, hard braking the conventional hydraulic system is used.
Regurgitate
Regenerative
My Generation

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Hybrids use 2 voltage systems, the high-voltage system for the drive system
and a ___ - volt system for the vehicle’s conventional electrical & electronic
components – including the computer systems.
Medium
Ultra-High
Low

44. Automotive Service The hybrid high-voltage system can range
from ______ to ______ volts ac or dc…
That’s deadly!
250 to 650
360 to 420
90 to 100

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High-voltage power cables are large in diameter and easily identified by their
bright _________ color.
Yellow
Blue
Orange

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WARNING: Power remains in the high-voltage electrical system for up to 10 minutes after the HV battery pack is shut off. Never touch, cut, or open any orange high-voltage power cable or high-voltage component without confirming that the high voltage has been completely discharged.

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Jump-Starting The 12-volt auxiliary battery may be jump-started if the vehicle does not start. The 12-volt auxiliary battery is often located under the hood but can also be located in the cargo area of some HEVs.

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The full hybrid motor-generator or “MG” has 4 basic functions:
Helps power the _________ _________ and propel the vehicle
__________________ the high-voltage battery pack
_____________ the internal combustion engine
Helps to _________ and ________ the vehicle

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The “MG” is usually a synchronous ac permanent _________,
brushless motor-generator design.
Magnet
Vacation
Disability

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57. Automotive Service Converter
28. A ___________ can step dc voltage either up or down.
Converter
Inverter
Reverter

58. Automotive Service Converter
29. An _______________ can either change dc to ac or ac to dc.
Converter
Inverter
Reverter

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The __________ _____________ is a planetary gearset used to control
the transfer of power through the hybrid drive train. It is computer-controlled.

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The __________ _____________ is a planetary gearset used to control
the transfer of power through the hybrid drive train. It is computer-controlled.

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For safety against short circuits and electrocution, __________ __________
interrupters, impact sensors or ___________ switches and high voltage fuses
are used in hybrid systems.
Ground Fault & Inertia
Power Fault & Inertia
Nobody’s Fault & Inertia

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Hybrid systems can be cooled by ______________ coolant, by blower fan
circulating ________ past the battery pack, and/or by a separate R-134a
refrigerant cooling system.
Engine & Air
Passenger & Air
Refrigerant & Air

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The hybrid power display informs the driver with a ________ ______ light,
a ____________ warning light, a ______________ ________ warning light,
and a conventional MIL.
Drive Ready, Master, Battery Pack

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Besides wearing safety glasses, removing all conductive jewelry, and creating
a high-voltage buffer zone when working on hybrids, OHSA-approved
gloves with a _________ volt insulation value must be worn.
250
750
1000

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Use of a warning cover over the steering wheel helps others realize that work is being performed on the high-voltage system and that no one is to attempt to start or move the vehicle.
A lock box is a safe location to keep the ignition keys of a hybrid electric vehicle while it is being serviced. Notice that this lock box has two separate locks so it would require two people to open, helping to insure that no harm is done by accidentally attempting to start a HEV.

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Insulated tools, such as this socket set, would provide an additional margin of safety to the service technician when working around high-voltage components and systems.

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84. GM Future Car By: Dustin Westphal 1-2009

85. The Power Cell
GM Skateboard car, powered by Hydrogen. . .four wheel drive electric engines, powered by the electricity produced by the hydrogen fuel cell. water is the only emission.

86. How it Works

87. Part Description

88. Hydrogen Fuel Cell for Power

89. Hy-Wire
Hy-wire is a descendant of the GM Autonomy released at the 2002 North American International Auto show. The Autonomy is a car which combines a hydrogen fuel cell with drive by wire technology. These technologies in combination allow all the mechanicals of the car to reside as a separate component to the body and passenger space.
A single docking port provides the electrical connection between the chassis and body. There are 10 pick-up points where the body mounts the chassis. Such few attachments provide maximum flexibility when designing a body.