1. FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY An Alternative Form of Electrical Power

2. FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY An Alternative Form of Electrical Power Fuel Cells Generate Electricity By Freeing Electrons From H 2 Gas HOW DO FUEL CELLS WORK?

3. Fuel Cells Generate Electricity By Freeing Electrons From H 2 Gas Because the Proton Exchange Membrane does not carry electron current, the Freed Electrons are Forced to Follow an External Path through a Wire (Thus Generating Electrical Power)

4. HOW DO FUEL CELLS WORK? Because the Proton Exchange Membrane does not carry electron current, the Freed Electrons are Forced to Follow an External Path through a Wire (Thus Generating Electrical Power) While the H + ions (protons) are free to travel across the membrane via Ion Exchange Reactions!

5. HOW DO FUEL CELLS WORK? While the H+ ions (protons) are free to travel across the membrane via Ion Exchange Reactions! At the Opposite Electrode, H + ions, O 2 (gas) and Electrons combine to form H 2 O byproducts --- Making this Technology ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY!!!

6. HOW DO FUEL CELLS WORK? At the Opposite Electrode, H + ions, O 2 (gas) and Electrons combine to form H 2 O byproducts --- Making this Technology ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY!!! WHERE MAY FUEL CELLS BE USED??? Fuel Cell Technologies

7. Automotive Applications WHERE MAY FUEL CELLS BE USED??? To Power Electricity Grids In Our Communities Power Supply to Homes And Families Portable Electronics EVERYWHERE!!! Fuel Cell Technologies

8. Researchers are Asking the Question--- ? H2 Fuel??? Beginning with the most Important Factors to Consider: Safety Cost Supply Rate How do we provide H 2 to the Fuel Cell???

9. And Considering Automotive Perspectives in the Hydrogen Fuel Economy  Compact and lightweight  A 480-km (300-mi) driving rang requires 5-10 kg of usable hydrogen  Reduce air pollution  Cost effective!!!!!!! GM Has Invested $$$ Into Hydrogen Fuel Cell Cars.

10. Beginning with the Most Important Factors to Consider: Safety Cost Supply Rate Researcher are Asking the Question--- How do we provide H 2 to the Fuel Cell??? ? H 2 Fuel??? We examine our technological options (for Automotive Applications)… 5” Stainless Steel Tanks to Carry Gaseous Hydrogen On-Board Production of Hydrogen from Hydrocarbons –(C-C-C) x - Release of Hydrogen Gas from Metal Hydrides

11. Beginning with the Most Important Factors to Consider: Safety Cost Supply Rate Researcher are Asking the Question--- How do we provide H 2 to the Fuel Cell??? We examine our technological options (for Automotive Applications)… 5” Stainless Steel Tanks to Carry Gaseous Hydrogen On-Board Production of Hydrogen from Hydrocarbons –(C-C-C) x - Release of Hydrogen Gas from Metal Hydrides The Dobbins’ Group has limited their studies to Metal Hydride Approach We are looking into… NaAlH 4 with Ti Dopants Added LiBH 4 MgH 2

12. Researcher are Asking the Question--- How do we provide H 2 to the Fuel Cell??? We examine our technological options (for Automotive Applications)… 5” Stainless Steel Tanks to Carry Gaseous Hydrogen On-Board Production of Hydrogen from Hydrocarbons –(C-C-C) x - Release of Hydrogen Gas from Metal Hydrides The Dobbins’ Group has limited their studies to Metal Hydride Approach We are looking into… NaAlH 4 with Ti Dopants Added LiBH 4 MgH 2

13. Technological Advances  Hydrogen can be stored in its pure form or cryogenic liquid in tanks or in the solid state compound.  Finding effective hydrogen storage materials is one of the most difficult challenges  Material characterization through the use of x-rays may help…

14. Hydrogen Storage Materials ---Complex Metal Hydride --- NaAlH4 Technical Questions surrounding the use of this material??? What are the kinetics of hydrogen uptake and release? What are the cost benefits of hydrogen fuel vs. oil? Where are the Dopant (Ti) atoms within the structure? (Answer: Using Our X-ray Approaches, we will try to pinpoint the location of Ti in NaAlH4.)

15. Hydrogen vs. Oil  We consume 6 million barrels of oil every single day!

17. X-ray Approaches Using 2 types of X-rays Stationary Anode X-ray GeneratorSynchrotron X-ray Generator Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory

18. Impact on 9-12 grade science education---- how will you begin to construct a learning module around this work so that 9-12 graders can become interested/involved in synchrotron x-ray work (this is specific to your science education interests and I am also interested in developing this sort of information). User Facilities…(What’s needed to discuss with K-12ers the need for user facilities?) Statistics about Mathematics and Science in K-12 Education….