1. Radiation Exchange between Surfaces: Participating Media Chapter 13 Section 13.5

2. General Considerations The medium separating surfaces of an enclosure may affect radiation at each surface through its ability to absorb, emit and/or scatter (redirect) radiation. Participating media may involve semitransparent solids and liquids, as well as polar gases such as CO 2, H 2 O(v), CH 4, and O 3. Radiation transport in participating media is a volumetric phenomenon, and for polar gases is confined to discrete wavelength bands. Beer’s law: A simple relation for predicting the exponential decay of radiation propagating through an absorbing medium.  Transmissivity and absorptivity of medium of thickness L:  Emissivity of medium. Assuming applicability of Kirchhoff’s law:

3. Gaseous Emission and Absorption Radiant Heat Flux from an Emitting/Absorbing Gas to an Adjoining Surface An approximate procedure involves use of a mean beam length, to apply emissivity data obtained for a hemispherical gas mass to other gas geometries. radius of a hemispherical gas mass whose emissivity, is equivalent to that for the geometry of interest. Emissivity data have been obtained for a hemispherical gas mass with radiating species of H 2 O (v) and/or CO 2 in a mixture with other nonradiating gases. Results depend on T g – the gas temperature p w, p c – the partial pressures of H 2 O (v) and CO 2 p – the total pressure of the mixture L – the radius of the hemisphere

4. Gaseous Emission and Absorption (cont) Fig. 13.20 Figs. 13.16, 13.17 Figs. 13.18, 13.19 correction factor for mutual absorption of radiation for H 2 O (v) and CO 2 For application to other gas geometries, replace L by L e. Rate of heat transfer to a surface of area A s due to emission from an adjoining gas is Net rate of radiation exchange between a black surface and an adjoining gas is Eq. (13.42) Eq. (13.41)

5. Problem 13.130 Problem 13.130: Heat recovery from flue gases to convert saturated water to saturated vapor.

6. Problem 13.130 (cont)