1. Austin Dougless with Jim Field, José Carvajal-Arroyo, Guangbin Li, David Vilcherrez, Daniel Puyol Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering NASA Space Grant Research Symposium The University of Arizona April 12, 2014

3.  Monitor the ability of anammox bacteria to remove aqueous NH 4 + and NO 2 - under standard operating conditions ◦ pH, nitrogen loading rate, temperature, light  Determine key performance parameters ◦ Stoichiometric conversion ratio, conversion efficiency, specific anammox activity (SAA), N 2 production  Explore substrate inhibition by NO 2 -

4.  Maintain two expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors at standard operating conditions Ion Chromatography Gas Chromatography

5. Pictured: Reactors, influent tanks/pumps, recycle pumps, gas collection system Influent tanks Pumps Gas meter

6. Pictured: Top of reactor, gas collection tubing, recycle tubing 50 mL graduated cylinder for scale

9.  Exposure to nitrite alone is highly inhibitory at even low concentrations  The presence of nitrate (a by product of the reaction) alone is mildly inhibitory  Pre-exposure to NO 3 - prior to NO 2 - exposure can lessen the NO 2 - inhibitory effect

10. 160mL serum bottles Anammox biomass

11. Concentration (mM)

12.  Key operating elements of the anammox process have been established  Standard performance parameters have been documented  NO 3 - pre-exposure for at least 17 hours decreases inhibition due to NO 2 -  These findings help determine normal functioning of the anammox process and provide clues to preventing substrate inhibition

13. Special thanks to NASA, Dr. Jim Field, and Dr. Reyes Sierra for this opportunity.