1. EXCRETION

2. EXCRETION HOW DO WE REMEMBER ALL THE LIFE PROCESSES?
H.N.T.R.S.G.E.R.M.R
WHICH ONES HAVE WE COVERED?
NUTRITION & TRANSPORT & RESPIRATION
WHAT’S NEXT ON THE LIST?
WHY ARE WE SKIPPING TO “E”?
EXCRETION

3. EXCRETION WHAT IS EXCRETION? DEFINTION  WHAT IS A METABOLIC WASTE?
THE PROCESS BY WHICH METABOLIC WASTES ARE REMOVED
WHAT IS A METABOLIC WASTE?
PRODUCTS OF THE LIFE PROCESSES (CHEMICAL REACTIONS) THAT ARE NOT NEEDED BY THE ORGANISM…IF THEY BUILD UP IN CONCETRATION THEY CAN BE TOXIC!!

4. EXCRETION
WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF METABOLIC WASTES? IN OTHER WORDS, WHAT ARE PRODUCTS OF REACTIONS IN THE BODY THAT WE DON’T USE??

5. EXCRETION THE MAJOR METABOLIC WASTES ARE
CARBON DIOXIDE
WATER
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS (EX. AMMONIA & UREA)
EXCRETION IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH THESE SUBSTANCES ARE REMOVED FROM THE BODY
HOW IS CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVED?
RESPIRATION / GAS EXCHANGE
SEE THE OVERLAP IN LIFE PROCESSES?

6. EXCRETION

7. EXCRETION
BEFORE WE CONTINUE, EVERYONE MUST BE WARNED NOT TO CONFUSE EXCRETION WITH ELIMINATION!!!

8. EXCRETION EXCRETION IN PROTISTS DO THEY NEED AN EXCRETORY SYSTEM?
HOW DO THEY GET RID OF CARBON DIOXIDE?
HOW DO THEY GET RID OF WATER?
HOW DO THEY GET RID OF NITROGENOUS WASTES?

9. EXCRETION
EXCRETION IN HYDRAS?
DO THEY NEED AN EXCRETORY SYSTEM?

10. EXCRETION EXCRETION IN EARTHWORMS? DO THEY NEED AN EXCRETORY SYSTEM?
HOW DO THEY REMOVE CARBON DIOXIDE?
HOW DO THEY REMOVE NITROGENOUS WASTE?

11. EXCRETION EXCRETION IN EARTHWORMS SPECIAL STRUCTURE CALLED A NEPHRIDIA
FILTERS OUT THE NITROGENOUS WASTE FROM THE BLOOD, THEN SHIPS IT OUT IN THE FORM OF URINE TO TINY “PORES” IN THE SKIN

12. EXCRETION EXCRETION IN GRASSHOPPERS? DO THEY NEED AN EXCRETORY SYSTEM?
HOW DO THEY REMOVE CARBON DIOXIDE?
HOW DO THEY REMOVE NITROGENOUS WASTES?

13. EXCRETION EXCRETION IN GRASSHOPPERS
MALPIGHIAN TUBULES FILTER BLOOD AND PASS URIC ACID TO THE INTESTINE TO MIX WITH FECES

14. EXCRETION EXCRETION IN HUMANS DO HUMANS NEED AN EXCRETORY SYSTEM?
HOW DO THEY REMOVE CARBON DIOXIDE?
HOW DO THEY REMOVE NITROGENOUS WASTES?

15. LIVER EXCRETION EXCRETION IN HUMANS
WHERE DO NITROGENOUS WASTES COME FROM?
LIVER
DETOXIFICATION
REMOVES HARMFUL SUBSTANCES FROM THE BLOOD
BILE FORMATION
EXCESS BILE IS REMOVED IN FECES
UREA FORMATION
RESULTS FROM BREAKDOWN OF AMINO ACIDS

16. EXCRETION EXCRETION IN HUMANS WHERE DO NITROGENOUS WASTES COME FROM?
BREAKDOWN OF AMINO ACIDS

17. EXCRETION EXCRETION IN HUMANS
WHEN AMINO ACID IS BROKEN DOWN, AMMONIA (NH3) IS FORMED…BUT THAT IS TOO POISONOUS TO BE TRANSPORTED IN THE BLOOD, SO IT IS CONVERTED, BY THE LIVER, INTO A DIFFERENT NITROGENOUS COMPOUND CALLED UREA
UREA IS ABLE TO BE TRANSPORTED IN THE BLOOD, BUT MUST THEN BE FILTERED OUT TO BE EXCRETED!!

18. EXCRETION
EXCRETION IN HUMANS
THE URINARY SYSTEM

19. EXCRETION EXCRETION IN HUMANS
THE URINARY SYSTEM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR FILTERING UREA OUT OF THE BLOOD FOR IT TO BE EXCRETED
MAJOR STRUCTURES
KIDNEY** 
FILTER
URETER 
CONNECTING TUBE
BLADDER 
URINE STORAGE
URETHRA 
EXIT TUBE

20. EXCRETION EXCRETION IN HUMANS **HOW DO THE KIDNEYS WORK?
THEY CONTAIN MANY, MANY N E P H R O N S

21. EXCRETION
EXCRETION IN HUMANS
NEPHRONS

22. EXCRETION EXCRETION IN HUMANS NEPHRON MAJOR STRUCTURES GLOMERULUS
BALL OF CAPILLARIES
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
FILTER
LOOP OF HENLE
REABSORPTION
COLLECTING DUCT
URINE COLLECTION

23. EXCRETION
EXCRETION IN HUMANS
URINARY SYSTEM REMINDER

24. EXCRETION
EXCRETION IN HUMANS
SOME UREA IS LOST IN SWEAT, ALSO

25. EXCRETION EXCRETION IN HUMANS
THE SKIN’S SWEAT GLANDS PRODUCES SWEAT WHICH HELPS REMOVE UREA *SWEAT IS 99% H2O
SWEAT ALSO HELPS REMOVE EXCESS HEAT!!

26. EXCRETION EXCRETION IN HUMANS EXCRETORY DISORDERS CIRRHOSIS JAUNDICE
GOUT
KIDNEY STONES
KIDNEY FAILURE

27. EXCRETION WHAT’S NEXT ON OUR LIFE PROCESS LIST? RESPONSE
YOU NEED TO BE ABLE TO MOVE IN ORDER TO RESPOND…WHICH MEANS YOU NEED…

28. SUPPORT AND LOCOMOTION NEXT!!!
EXCRETION
SUPPORT AND LOCOMOTION NEXT!!!