1. MOLE RATIOS IN CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

2. STOICHIOMETRY the study of the quantitative relationships that exist in chemical formulas and reactions

3. Particle Relationships in a Balanced Chemical Equation
The Haber Process
N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
1 molecule of nitrogen + 3 molecules of hydrogen → 2 molecules of ammonia
10 molecules of nitrogen + 30 molecules of hydrogen → 20 molecules of ammonia

4. Mole Relationships in Chemical Reactions… The coefficients in a balanced equation give the relative amounts (in moles) of reactants and products.

5. The coefficients represent moles… 2NaCl  2Na + Cl2
There are ____ moles of salt. 2
There are ____ moles of sodium. 2
There is ____ mole of diatomic Cl. 1

6. Let’s Make Some Smore’s!!!
WHAT IS A MOLE RATIO?
It is the ratio amounts of the entities in a chemical reaction.
ex. 2H2(g) O2(g) H2O(g)
2 : :
Let’s Make Some Smore’s!!!

7. DETERMINING AMOUNTS USING MOLE RATIOS...

8. Using Ratios to Solve Problems
Use known ratio to find out unknown.
E.g. How many moles of ammonia can be produced from moles of hydrogen?
Known: N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
3H2 : 2NH3
Unknown: moles H2 : x moles of NH3
Setup Equation: 2NH3/3H2 = x NH3/3.12H2
x NH3 = (2NH3)(3.12H2)/3H2
= 2.08 moles of NH3 produced
Mole ratio method can also be used.

9. EXAMPLE 1: If you start with 50
EXAMPLE 1: If you start with 50.0g of NaCl, how many grams of chlorine are produced when the salt is decomposed?
Step 1: Write a balanced chemical equation.

10. Don’t round until the end!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
EXAMPLE 1: If you start with 50.0g of NaCl, how many grams of chlorine are produced when the salt is decomposed?
Step 2: Find the number of moles of the given substance n = m/ MM
MM(NaCl) = g g = 58.44g/mol
n = 50.0 g / g/mol = moles
Don’t round until the end!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

11. = moles calculated of given x moles of desired
EXAMPLE 1: If you start with 50.0g of NaCl, how many grams of chlorine are produced when the salt is decomposed?
Use the balanced equation to find the mole ratio of given substance to moles of desired substance
Mole : mole problem
= moles calculated of given x moles of desired
moles of given
moles NaCl x 1mole Cl2 = moles of Cl2
2 moles NaCl

12. to whatever quantity(mass, volume or particles)
EXAMPLE 1: If you start with 50.0g of NaCl, how many grams of chlorine are produced when the salt is decomposed?
Convert moles of
desired substance
to whatever quantity(mass, volume or particles)
is desired

13. EXAMPLE 2: What amount of oxygen is required to react completely with 6.4 x 10-2 mol of aluminum to produce aluminum oxide?

14. Learning check
If you decompose g of sodium chloride, how many grams of sodium are produced?
If you react g of copper (II) nitrate with excess calcium, how much copper (II) is produced.
If you combust g of nonane,C9H20 how many liters of oxygen are consumed to make the reaction go to completion? Assume STP.
196.7 g
152.5 g
611.1 L

15. Chalk it up to Molar Relationships Activity

16. HOMEWORK:
Mole Ratios and Stoichiometry Worksheet
p305 #7 & 8