1. Student: Gherghina Alexandru-Georgica Proffesor: PhD. Eng. Zdzislaw Polkowski Generation of a Sinusoidal Waveform

3. Sine waves  The sinusoidal waveform (sine wave) is the fundamental alternating current (ac) and alternating voltage waveform.  Electrical sine waves are named from the mathematical function with the same shape.

4. Summary A wave is a disturbance. Unlike water waves, electrical waves cannot be seen directly but they have similar characteristics. All periodic waves can be constructed from sine waves, which is why sine waves are fundamental.

5. Sine waves  Sine waves are characterized by the amplitude and period. The amplitude (A) is the maximum value of a voltage or current; the period (T) is the time interval for one complete cycle. The amplitude (A) of this sine wave is 20 V A The period is 50.0  s T

6. Sine waves  The period of a sine wave can be measured between any two corresponding points on the waveform. TTTT TT A By contrast, the amplitude of a sine wave is only measured from the center to the maximum point.

7. Frequency If 3 cycles of a wave occur in one second, the frequency is 3.0 Hz 1.0 s

8. Period and frequency The period and frequency are reciprocals of each other. and Thus, if you know one, you can easily find the other. (The 1/x key on your calculator is handy for converting between f and T.) If the period is 50  s, the frequency is 0.02 MHz = 20 kHz.

9. Generation of a sine wave  Sinusoidal voltages are produced by ac generators and electronic oscillators.  When a conductor rotates in a constant magnetic field, a sinusoidal wave is generated. When the loop is moving perpendicular to the lines of flux, the maximum voltage is induced. When the conductor is moving parallel with the lines of flux, no voltage is induced. ABC D

10. AC generator (alternator)  Generators convert rotational energy to electrical energy. A stationary field alternator with a rotating armature is shown. The armature has an induced voltage, which is connected through slip rings and brushes to a load. The armature loops are wound on a magnetic core (not shown for simplicity). Small alternators may use a permanent magnet as shown here; other use field coils to produce the magnetic flux.

11. AC generator (alternator)  By increasing the number of poles, the number of cycles per revolution is increased. A four-pole generator will produce two complete cycles in each revolution.

12. Function generators Function selection Frequency Output level (amplitude) DC offset CMOS output Range Adjust Duty cycle Typical controls: Outputs Readout

13. Bibliography  eecs.oregonstate.edu/.../3Phase_Presentation..pdf  http://webshaker.ucsd.edu/homework/Creating_A_Sine_Wave.pdf http://webshaker.ucsd.edu/homework/Creating_A_Sine_Wave.pdf  http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- _Wak_lTyZJM/UFTdaffDKNI/AAAAAAAAAik/58sQs6IN9rk/s1600/mixed+signal+os cilloscope+osciloscop+digital+2n.JPG http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- _Wak_lTyZJM/UFTdaffDKNI/AAAAAAAAAik/58sQs6IN9rk/s1600/mixed+signal+os cilloscope+osciloscop+digital+2n.JPG  http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/accircuits/sinusoidal-waveform.html http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/accircuits/sinusoidal-waveform.html  Ioan D. LIŢĂ,Circuite electronice pentru achiziia de date, MATRIX ROM, Bucureşti, 2008..  http://oscilatii.blogspot.com/2008/03/un-generator-sinusoidal-simplu.html

14. Thank you for attention!