1. Political Violence in The Modern Era The History of Terrorism as a Strategy of Political Insurgency Section 5

2. Political Violence State Against State Clash of sizeable armies Organized, planned, studied Capable of supporting Bureaucracy Citizens Against Citizens Common crime Racial strife Political strife Vigilantism State Against Citizens Ordinary and legal (arrest, execution) Clandestine, illegal intimidation Citizen Against State Organized or spontaneous Insurgency is an organized form

3. Forms of Insurgent Resistance Coup d'état Leninist Revolution Revolution Guerilla War Riot Non-Violent Resistance

4. Insurgent Strategies Coup d'état A planned Insurgency at a high level Sudden Forceful Political Always planned to be swift Often military based Limited destruction Guerilla Warfare Strategy of protracted war Diffuse Small formations Flexibility offsets inferior firepower Leninist Revolution Tightly knit, clandestine part organization Often long period of preparation, including the recruitment, education, and organization of a revolutionary class Long preparation is to be followed by short revolution Terrorism Strategic choice Distinctly different than the other forms of violence Weapons and targets are different Often used in conjunction with Guerilla strategies

5. Comparing the Strategies Chaliand, Gerard, & Blin, Arnaud, Eds The History of Terrorism, from Antiquity to Al Qaeda Berkley; University of California Press 2007 Chapter 2 -Merari, Ariel Terrorism as a Strategy of Insurgency Page 20 Table 2, Page 26 Table 3

7. Terrorism as a Strategy of Insurgency Terrorist actions are attacks on the psychology of the opponent. Victory is to be achieved through Propaganda Intimidation Provocation Chaos Attrition

8. Sources Chaliand, Gerard, & Blin, Arnaud, Eds The History of Terrorism, from Antiquity to Al Qaeda Berkley; University of California Press 2007 Specifically much of this was from Chapter 2 -Merari, Ariel Terrorism as a Strategy of Insurgency Page 20 Table 2, and 26 Table 3