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Published byClark Sewall Modified over 9 years ago
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THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE 1300-1700 *Located in Asia Minor
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BYZANTIUM RENAMED Byzantium Greek city-state renamed Constantinople in 330 A.D. –location amazing for trade! Became capital city of Byzantine Empire – trade continued, cultural diffusion was immense
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CRUSADERS & TURKS FIGHT Crusades fought in Byzantine & invasions by Turks & Mongols common by 13 th Century Turkish people loyal to their tribes & clans, but not to a central government ◦ Wanted to take down Crusaders & break up the Empire to take over
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GHAZIS Many Anatolian Turks saw themselves as GHAZIS – warriors for Islam (like Crusaders) Followed strict code of conduct Raided territories Muslim (believed in Islam)
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OSMAN & OTTOMANS OSMAN most successful ghazi & a Muslim His followers OTTOMANS Attempts to build unified empire by conquering & controlling lands in Anatolia (Turkey) Uses gunpowder Among 1 st to use cannons & muskets
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ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF OSMAN Officially takes over Byzantium area & establishes OTTOMAN EMPIRE in 1299 Kind ruler to those he conquered Allowed local rulers to remain in place Improved lives of peasants Protected religious preferences – follow your own religion Taxed people fairly (even non-Muslims) Rulers called SULTANS – “one with power”
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RISE OF TIMUR THE LAME (TAMERLANE) TIMUR THE LAME: warrior from Asia Conquered Russia, Persia, northern India, & burned Baghdad to ground Butchered people in New Delhi & made pyramid of skulls Halted expansion of Ottoman Empire until 1405
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MEHMET II Timur’s son, MEHMET II new sultan 1451 - builds fleet & massive army to attack Constantinople (wanted control of Bosporus Strait for trade & prosperity) 1453 – captured Constantinople & renamed it ISTANBUL new capital of their empireISTANBUL “Give me Constantinople!”
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ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF MEHMET II Mehmet now called MEHMET THE CONQUEROR HAGIA SOPHIA (famous church) became a mosque Islam religion became unifying force BUT religious toleration encouraged & diverse population inhabited the city
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HAGIA SOPHIA
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SELIM THE GRIM Overthrew father & murdered brothers Killed all nephews & own kids, but 1 son Crazy guy, but effective! Defeated Safavids of Persia & conquered Mecca, Medina, & Cairo (holy cities & intellectual cities) ◦ Happened at same time Cortez takes over Aztecs
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SULEIMAN I 1520-1566 – Suleiman (“the lawgiver”) – built strong empire militarily, economically, & socially – GOLDEN AGE Gained more land in eastern Mediterranean, northern African ports, trade routes inside Africa, & central Europe Efficient government structure w/social organization (held for 600 years!)
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SULEIMAN’S EMPIRE 20,000 personal slaves 30,000 JANISSARIES: forces of people from conquered Christian territories DEVSHIRME policy: training boys as soldiers
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SULEIMAN’S ACHIEVEMENTS Freedom of worship Binding the Ottoman Empire together Simplified taxation system Reduced government interference (bureacracy) “Renaissance Man” Art & Literature flourished
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SELIM II Suleiman killed best son & drove away another 3 rd incompetent son, SELIM II inherited throne Ran corrupt government & it continued in family through generations Defeated militarily in 1571 by Spain & Italy
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WHAT HAPPENED TO THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE? Became customary to kill off good sons & cut off rest from education produced long line of weak rulers & ruined empire Empire crumbled slowly & finally dissolved with creation of Turkey after World War I
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