1. MANAGE ILLNESS

2. CHEST PAIN Reasons may be either a heart attack or Angina. Management includes:  DRABCD and call 000 immediately  Closely monitor signs of life  Loosen any tight clothing  Position for comfort  Provide reassurance  Assist the casualty to take medication

3. STROKE Stroke – is when the blood supply to the brain is blocked. Signs may include; confusion, headache, difficulty with speech, weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, unconsciousness. Stroke – is when the blood supply to the brain is blocked. Signs may include; confusion, headache, difficulty with speech, weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, unconsciousness. Management includes: Management includes:  DRABCD and call 000 immediately  Closely monitor signs of life.  Loosen any tight clothing  Position for comfort  Provide reassurance.

4. Signs of stroke As many stroke survivors can tell you, there are often early signs of stroke. The FAST test is an easy way to recognise and remember the most common signs of a stroke. The FAST test stands for Facial weakness - can the person smile? Has their mouth or eye drooped? Arm weakness - can the person raise both arms? Speech difficulty - can the person speak clearly and understand what you say? Time to act fast - call 000 immediately Time to act fast - call 000 immediately

5. ASTHMA Signs and symptoms may include difficulty in breathing, anxiety, wheezing (but not always), difficulty with speech, colour change to the mouth or face, eventual unconsciousness. Management if no medication:  DRABCD and call 000

6. Management of Asthma with a spacer: 1. Shake the inhaler and place the mouthpiece into the spacer 2. Ask the casualty to place the mouthpiece into their mouth. 3. Administer 1 puff into the spacer and ask the casualty to breathe in and out normally for 4 breaths. 4. Repeat until 4 puffs have been given. 5. If there is no improvement after 4 minutes, call 000 for medical aid. 6. Continue giving 4 puffs every 4 minutes until medical aid arrives.

7. Management of Asthma without a spacer 1. Shake the inhaler. 2. Ask the casualty to place the mouthpiece into their mouth 3. Administer 1 puff and inhale slowly 4. Ask the casualty to hold their breath for 4 seconds and then take 4 normal breaths 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until 4 puffs have been given. 6. If there is no improvement after 4 minutes, call 000 for medical aid 7. Continue giving 4 puffs every 4 minutes until medical aid arrives

8. Diabetes Diabetes can result in two serious conditions: 1. Hypoglycaemia – too little sugar – can develop quickly and result in unconsciousness 2. Hyperglycaemia – Too much sugar – develop slowly and often doesn’t require first aid. Management includes:  DRABCD if unconscious and breathing recover position – call 000  If conscious – give sugar/glucose in a liquid form  Closely monitor and if no improvement call 000

9. EPILEPSY Is disturbances in electrical activity of the brain – can lead to a fit/seizure. Management of a seizure: 1. DRABCD 2. Move harmful objects away to protect the casualty from injury. 3. Place something soft under the casualty’s head and shoulders, if safe to do so. 4. Observe the type, duration and pattern of the seizure. 5. Call 000 6. After the seizure, roll the casualty into recovery position. 7. Monitor the casualty’s signs of life DO NOT TRY TO RESTRAIN THE CASUALTY OR PUT ANYTHING IN THEIR MOUTH

10. FEBRILE CONVULSTIONS Usually caused by a sudden rise in temperature cause by an infection. Only affect a small number of children under 6 years. Management of a febrile convulsion 1. DRABCD 2. Attempt to keep the child out of danger while waiting for seizures to subside. 3. When seizures have subsided, check the child for a response. 4. Monitor the child’s signs of life 5. Call 000 for medical aid if necessary. DO NOT LEAVE CHILD ALONE. REMOVE RESTRICTIVE CLOTHING, DO NOT RESTRAIN CHILD, DO NOT PLACE ANYTHING IN THEIR MOUTH, DO NOT PLACE IN A COLD BATH.