1. Jain Agam Literature Pravin K. Shah
Jain Study Center of North Carolina (Raleigh)
509 Carriage Woods Circle
Raleigh NC
and fax
Website:

2. Index Jain Agam (Canonical) Literature Commentary on Jain Agams
Definition
Classification
Listings of Sutras
Summary of Agams by Jainsects
History of Preservation
Agam substitute Literature of Digambar
Authors of Agam Literature
Agam Sutras based on Fourteen Purvas
Commentary on Jain Agams
Niryukti
Bhasya
Churni
Tika
Summary of Jain Literature
Various Subjects / Languages
Jain Authors
Important Jain scriptures

3. Jain Agam (Canonical) Literature
(Shrut, Sutra, Dvadsangi, Ganipitikas, Siddhant)
Definition
Absolute Point of View (Reader/Listener)
Enhances Spiritual Life
Finds Happiness within
Reduces kashays (greed, anger, lust, ego etc.) within
Empirical Point of View (Author/Speaker)
Teaching of Jina (Aapt, Tirthankar, Arihant, Arhat) who has conquered attachment and aversion
Preach Universal Truth
Conduct - Equanimity, Universal affection, Friendship
Thought - Principle of Relativity
Language
Ardha-maghadhi to 100 B.C.
Jain Maharachtri 100 to 500 AD.

4. Jain Sects Jain Sects Digambar Monks - no cloths Swetambar
Monks - white cloths
Murtipujak
Nonmurtipujak
Murtipujak
Nonmurtipujak
Bisa-panthi
Bhattarak Tradition
Orthodox murtipujak
Taran-panthi
Taran-taran-swami
Murtipujak
Orthodox murtipujak
Sthanak-vasi
Lokashah (14th Cen)
Terah-panthi
Banarasidas (18th Cen)
Simple murtipujak
Tera-panthi
Acharya Bhikku (16th Cen)

5. Jain Agam Literature Jain Agam Literature (Jain Scriptures) Ang-agams
12 Scriptures (all sects)
Ganadhars
Angbahya-agams
14/34/21 Scriptures
14/10 Purvi Acharyas
11 Ang-agams
Swetambar - all survived
Digambar - all extinct
12th Ang-agam
Drastivad
14 Purvas - all extinct
Digambar Angbahya-agams
14 scriptures (all sects)
All extinct
Swetambar Angbahya-agams
34/21 Scriptures
All survived
Five Parikarmas
Upang
12 Murtipujak
12 Non-murtipujak
Sutra
Chhed-sutra
6 Murtipujak
4 Non-murtipujak
Prathamanuyog
Mool-sutra
4 Murtipujak
3 Non-murtipujak
Fourteen Purva-gatas
Chulika
2 Murtipujak
2 Non-murtipujak
Five Chulikas
Prakirna
10 Murtipujak
0 Non-murtipujak

6. Ang-pravistha Agam Direct Teachings of Lord Mahavir
Composed by Ganadhars
12 Ang-pravishta Agams
Digambar (all sects)
All 12 Ang-agams are extinct during 364 B.C. to 157 AD.
Shwetambar (all sects)
11 Ang-agams are survived
12th Ang Agam is extinct during 356 BC to 474 AD.

7. Ang-pravistha Agams Acharang Sutra-kratang Sthanang Samavay-ang
Vhakhya-prajnapti or Bhagavati
Jnata-dharma-kathang
Upasaka-dashang
Antahkra-dashang
Anuttaroupa-patika-dashang
Prashna-vyakran
Vipaka-sutra
Drishti-pravada or Drishtivad

8. Drishti-pravada-anga
12th Ang-agam
Divided into Five Parts:
Five Parikarmas
Sutra
Pratham-anuyoga
Fourteen Purva-gatas or Purvas
Five Chulikas

9. Drishti-pravada-anga
Five Parikarmas
Chandra-prajnapti
Surya-prajnapti
Jambu-dvipa-prajnapti
Dvip-prajnapti
Vyakhya-prajnapti
Sutra
An account of 363 false creeds
Pratham-anuyoga
Life stories of 63 great Leaders
24 Tirthankars
12 Chakra-vartis
9 Narayans or Vasudevs
9 Prati-narayans or Prati-vasudevs
9 Bal-bhadras or Baldevs

10. Listings of 14 Purvas Utpada-purva
describes the origination, destruction, and permanance nature of substances
Agraya-niya
describes seven tattvas, and six dravyas
Viryanu-vad
describes the power and qualities of living and nonliving substances.
Asti-nasti-pravad
Seven ways (saydvad) of considering things and their usage.
Jnana-pravad
Eight types of knowledge (Jnana)
Satya-pravad
Description of truth, silence, speakers
Atma-pravad
Description of soul (Atma) from Nischaya and Vyavahar point of view

11. Listings of 14 Purvas (Cont..)
Karma-pravad
Bondage and its modification of karma to the soul
Pratya-khyan
Description of vows, penances, repentances, and renounciation of bad things.
Vidyanu-vad
Acquiring special power by learning various Mantras and other knowledge
Kalyan-vad
Description of the grand celebrations of great events (Kalyanak)
Prana-vad
knowledge about removal of pains caused by spirit, ghost, snake etc.
Kriya-visal
Description 72 arts of man and 64 arts of woman
Triloka-bindu-sara
Way of attaing Moksha and glory and hapiness of it.

12. Chulika knowledge acquires extra ordinary power
Five Chulikas
Chulika knowledge acquires extra ordinary power
Jala-gata
power to walk on water, staying in the water, passing through fire etc
Sthala-gata
travel to mount Meru, Mahavideh etc
Maya-gata
power to perform miracles
Rupa-gata
transformation of body into various forms.
Akasa-gata
travel into space

13. Ang-bahya Agams: Composed by Sthaviras. Digambar Shwetambar
14 or 10 Purvi Acharyas
Digambar
All sects - 14
Shwetambar
Murti-pujak
Non-murti-pujak - 21

14. Digambar's Ang-bahya Agams
1. Samayik
2. Samstava
3. Vandana
4. Prati-kraman
5. Vinaya
6. Kriti-karma
7. Das-vaikalik
8. Uttar-adhyayan
9. Kalpa-vyavahara
10. Kalpa-kalpa
11. Mahakalpa-sanjnaka
12. Pundarika
13. Maha-pundarika
14. Nishidika
All 14 Ang-bahya Agams are extinct during 364 B.C. to 157 A.D.

15. Shwetambar's Ang-bahya Agams
Sect
Upang Agams A 12 B 12
Chhed-sutra Agams 6 4
Mul-sutra Agams 4 3
Chulika-sutra Agams 2 2
Prakirna Agams 10
Total 34 21
A = Swetambar Murti-pujak sect
B = Swetambar Nonmurti-pujak sect

16. Shwetambar's Ang-bahya Agams
Upang Agams
Aupa-patika
Raja-prasniya
Jivabhigam
Prajnapana
Jambu-dvipa-prajnapti
Surya-prajnapti
Chandra-prajnapti
Nirayavali or Kalpika
Kalpa-vatansika
Pushpika
Pushpa-chulika
Vrashni-dasha
Accepted by Murti Pujak and Non-murti Pujak sects.

17. Shwetambar's Ang-bahya Agams:
Chhed-sutra Agams:
Nishitha
Maha-nishitha
Vyavahara*
Das-sruta-skandha
Brahat-kalpa
Panch-kalpa (now extinct) or Jit-kalpa*
Mul-sutra Agams
Avasyaka
Dasha-vaikalika
Uttara-dhyan
Ogha-niryukti or Pinda-niryukti*
Chulika-sutra Agams
Nandi-sutra
Anuyoga-dvara
* Not accepted by Non-murti pujak sect

18. Shwetambar's Ang-bahya Agams:
Prakirna Agams
Chatuh-sarana
Samstarak
Atura-pratya-khyana
Bhakti-parijna
Tandul-vaitalika
Chandra-vedhyaka
Devendra-stav
Ganit-vidya
Maha-pratya-khyan
Vir-stava
None are accepted by Non-murti pujak sect

19. Agam Summary by Jain Sects
Digambar (all sects)
12th Ang Agam (14 Purvas) extinct by 356 BC
Remaining 11 Angs and 14 Ang-bahya extinct by 157 AD
Agam Substitute Literature
Satkhand Agam
Kashay-pahud
Four Anuyogs
Shwetambar (all sects)
12th Ang Agam (14 Purvas) extinct by 474 AD
11 Ang-pravishta Agams Survived
Shwetambar Murtipujak
Accepts 34 Ang-bahya Agams
Shwetambar Nonmurtipujak
Accepts 21 Ang-bahya Agams

20. History of Preservation
First Recension (226 BC)
Patali-putra by Sthulibhadra
11 Ang Agams orally complied
14 Purvas not remembered
Later Sthulibhadra complied 10 Purvas
Second Recension (374 AD to 387 AD)
Mathura by Skandil
Valabhi by Nagarjun
Agams and Anuyogs documented
Third Recension (527 AD)
Valabhi by Devardhi-gani
Prakirnas documented
Agams and Anuyogs reviewed/preserved
Differences documented in Churni
Agam works settled (Catalog in Nandi Sutra)
Current Status
Deviation from Nandi Sutra
Many Prakirnas are extinct
Vir-stava and Pind-niryukti added afterwords

21. Commentary Literature
To study Jain agams, one requires to study complete Panchagini of each Agam.
Panchagini (Five Types)
Original Sutras
Niryukti
Bhasya
Churni
Tika

22. Niryukti Literature Written on Agam sutras Prakrit Language
Poetic Form and Short
Provides General Meaning
Contains
Historical Incidences
Old Traditions, Stories, and Examples
Philosophy, Principles, and Conducts
Author - Bhadrabahu-swami (second)
Written on 10 Agams before 600 AD
Independent Niryukties
Sanstarak Niryukti
Govind Niryukti or Darshan Prabhavak Shastra
Aradhana Niryukti

23. Bhasya Literature Written on Agam and Niryukti Prakrit Language
Poetic Form
Provides Specific Meaning
Contains
Prachin (old) Anushruties
Jatak Stories
Provides Good Understanding of
History of Jainism
Conducts and Behavior of Monks
Authors
Sanghdas-gani
Jinbhadra-gani
Written to 600 A.D.

24. Churni Literature Written on Agam, Niryukti, Bhasya
Prakrit mixed Sanskrit Language
Prose Form
Contains Jatak and Religious Stories
Provides Good Understanding
Social Customs
Business
Food Habits
Festivals
Clothing of people
Author - Jindas-gani Mahattar
600 AD

25. Tika Literature Written on Agam sutras, Niryukti, Bhasya, and Churni
Sanskrit mixed with Prakrit stories
Most Important to understand Agam literature
Prominent Tika Authors
Haribhadra-suri (705 to 755 A.D.)
Prajnapana, Avasyaka*, Nandi, Dasha-vaikalika*, Anuyoga-dvara
Shilanka-suri (8th century)
Acharang, Sutra-kratang
Abhaydev (11th century)
9 of 11 Ang agams
Malladhari Hemchandra (11th century)
Anuyogdvar
Acharya Malay-giri (11th century)
Nandi, Prajnapana, Jiva-bhigama, Brahat-kalpa, Rajpashniya, Chandra-pragnapti, Avasyak*
Shanti-suri (1563 A.D.)
Uttara-dhyan Sutra Vrahat Tika*

26. Jain Literature Classification
Code English Name Prakrit Name
A Metaphics Tattvajnan
B Spiritual/Philosophy Adhyatma
C Meditation Yoga, Dhyan
D Karma Karma
E Logic Darshan, Naya, Praman
F Conduct Charnanuyoga
G Morality Niti, Upadesh
H Astronomy Lok Svarup
J Story, Biography Puran, Katha, Rupak, Vyang
K Ritual and Sutras Stotra, Mantra, Puja
M Drama and Poetry Lalit Kavya, Kavya Shastra, Natak
N Figures of speech Alankar
P Dictionary Dictionary, Kosha, Lokjnan
Q Grammar Vyakaran
R Mathematics Ganit
S Astrology Jyotish
T Physics Padarth Vijnan
U Politics Rajniti

27. Jain Authors Kundkunda-charya (1st century)
Ashta Pahud B
Baras Anuvekkha (Anupreksha) B
Das Bhakti Granth B
Niyamsar B
Panchastikaya B
Pravachansar B
Samaysar B
Umaswati or Umaswami (2nd century)
Tattvarth Sutra A
Prashama-rati Prakarana B
Tattvarth Bhasya A
Siddhasen Divakar or Gandh-hasti (5th century)
Dvatrishika Stotra K
Kalyan Mandir Stotra (S) K
Nyayavatar E
Sanmati-tark (prakaran) E
Tattvarth Bhasya A

28. Jain Authors Samant-bhadra (5th century)
Apta Mimansa (Devagma Stotra) E
Ratna Karand Shravakachar F
Stuti Vidya K
Svayambhu Stotra K
Pujyapad or Devanandi (6th century)
Ishtopadesh G
Jainendra Vyakaran Q
Samadhi Sataka
Samadhi Tantra C
Sarvarth Siddhi (Tattvarth tika) A
Siddhi Priya Stotra K
Akalank (7th century)
Ashtashati (Apta Mimansha tika) E
Lagiyasraya E
Nyaya Vinishchaya E
Praman Sangraha E
Siddhi Vinishchaya E

29. Jain Authors Haribhadra-suri (8th century) Anekant Jaya Pataka E
Anuyogadvara C
Asada-kavikrata Upadesha F
Dharma Bindu F
Dharma Samgrahani F
Dhurta-khyan J
Jambudvipa Prajnaapti R
Jiva-bhigam A
Kandati C
Lalit Vistra M
Nandi P
Nyaya Pravesh (tika-non Jain text E
Samaraicchakaha J
Savay Pannitti
Shad-darshan Samuccaya A

30. Jain Authors Haribhadra-suri (8th century) cont...
Tattvarth Sloka Vriti A
Upadesha Pada G
Yoga Bindu C
Yoga Drasti Samucchaya C
Yoga Shataka C
Vidyananda (8th century)
Apta Pariksha E
Ashta Sahasri (Apta Mimansa tika)E
Naya-vivarnam E
Patrapariksa E
Praman Pariksha E
Satya Shasan Pariksha E
Tattvarth Shloka Vartika (tika) A

31. Jain Authors Nemichandra Siddhant Chakravarti (10th century)
Brahat Dravya Sangraha A
Gomatsar Jivakanda D
Gomatsar Karmakanda D
Kshetra Ganita L
Labdhisar (Gomatsar purak) D
Raghava Pandaviya Kavya M
Triloksar H
Somdev (10th century)
Adhyatma Tarangini C
Nitivakyamrit U
Syadvad Upanishad C
Upasak Addhayan F
Yashastilak Champu I

32. Jain Authors Hemchandra (12th century) Abhidhana Chintamani P
Alankar Chudamani N
Anaya-yoga Vyavachchedika E
Anekartha Namamala P
Arhan-niti U
Chhandonu-shasana M
Deshi Namamala P
Dhvayashrya Mahakavya M
Kavyanu Shashana M
Mahadev Stotra K
Nighantukosha P
Paramatma Prakaran C

33. Jain Authors Hemchandra (12th century) cont.. Parishishta Parva J
Praman Mimansa E
Shesha Namamala P
Siddha Hemachandra Vyakarana O
Siddhahema Shabdanu Shasan O
Trishishta Shalaka Purush I
Vadanu Shasan E
Vitarag Stotra K
Yoga Shastra C
Yoga Shastra Vratti C
Yoga Vinshikas C

34. Jain Authors Yashovijayji (18th century) Adhyatma Pariksa B
Adhyatma Sara B
Adhyatma Upanishad B
Ashta Sahasri Vivaran E
Dharma Pariksha F
Dvatrimshad K
Jain Tark Paribhasha E
Jnan-bindu-sara B
Karma-prakrati Tika D
Naya-pradip E
Naya-rahasya E
Nayamrit Tarangini E
Nyaya Khandan Khadya E
Nyayalok E
Tattvarth Sutra Vriti A
Upadesha Rahasya F