1. Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level Sedimentary Facies and Sea Level Changes

2. Sedimentary Facies: general appearance or aspects of a rock (composition & texture). Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level

3. Sedimentary Facies: original environment of deposition can be determined. used to describe vertical and lateral variations in strata. Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level

4. Sedimentary Facies: facies transform laterally by gradual changes in their properties into different, adjacent facies. Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level

5. Two types of facies 1). Lithofacies: distinguishing characteristics are... lithologic Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level

6. sandstone facies shale facies

7. Two types of facies 1). Lithofacies: can be degree of difference Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level limestonesandstone vs. fine grained limestone coarse, well sorted sandstone

8. Two types of facies 2). Biofacies: differences in biological (fossil) composition. Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level

9. Two types of facies 2). Biofacies: can have different adjacent biofacies in the same lithology can be sensitive to small environmental differences Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level

10. Foraminifera facies Mississippi Delta

11. Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level Changes in sea level

12. Transgression : Advance of sea over the land Regression : Retreat of the sea from the land Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level

13. Idealized gradation : Near shore = coarse sediment - to - Off shore = fine sediment - yielding to - Shelf carbonate deposition Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level

14. Idealized gradation : Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level near shore off shore continent

15. No sea level change : Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level near shore off shore continent http://www.uh.edu/~jbutler/physical/transreg.gif sediment through time

16. Sea level at Time A : Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level “the beach” Sea level change : cross section

17. Sea level at Time B : Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level “the beach”

18. Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level Transgression facies shift on-shore resulting rock unit (sandstone) varies in age laterally

19. Shift from Time A to Time B : Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level “the beach” Transgression facies shift on-shore resulting rock unit (sandstone) varies in age laterally

20. Time A : on the beach (sandstone) Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level Stand in one spot during a transgression:

21. Time B : underwater (finer sediment) Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level Stand in one spot during a transgression:

22. Regression : facies shift off-shore Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level

23. Regression : facies shift off-shore Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level “the beach” Time A Time B

24. Regression : in one place, facies become more “onshore” ( = coarser) up section Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level Ls Slt Ss fine course

25. In a vertical column, facies become progressively more "on shore" (coarser) up section. Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level Regression Conglomerate Sandstone Siltstone Limestone erosion

26. In a vertical column, facies become progressively more "on shore" (coarser) up section. Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level Regression Conglomerate Sandstone Siltstone Limestone erosion “deep” “beach” “land”

27. In a vertical column, facies become progressively more ”off shore" (finer) up section. Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level Transgression Limestone Siltstone Sandstone Conglomerate erosion

28. In a vertical column, facies become progressively more ”off shore" (finer) up section. Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level Transgression Limestone Siltstone Sandstone Conglomerate erosion “deep” “beach” “land”

29. A vertical sequence represents facies that were once laterally continuous Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level Walther’s Law Limestone Siltstone Sandstone vertical sequence

30. A vertical sequence represents facies that were once laterally continuous Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level Walther’s Law Limestone Siltstone Sandstone vertical sequence Lateral Distribution

31. Ls Sh Ss A vertical sequence represents facies that were once laterally continuous Walther’s Law

32. Ls Sh Ss “deep” “beach” A vertical sequence represents facies that were once laterally continuous Walther’s Law

33. The relative sequence is more important than absolute completeness. Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level Walther’s Law Limestone Sandstone vertical sequence-1 Siltstone vertical sequence-2 unconformity

34. The relative sequence is more important than absolute completeness. Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level Walther’s Law Limestone Sandstone vertical sequence-1 Siltstone vertical sequence-2 unconformity TransgressionRegression “deep” “beach” “land” “intermediate”

36. Tectonic subsidence (sinking) Rise in sea level Erosion of shore line Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level What cause a Transgression?

37. Tectonic uplift Drop in sea level Over supply of sediment Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level What cause a Regression?

38. 1. Continental Glaciation more ice = lower sea level (max. 200 meter change) Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level Eustatic sea level change (world wide)- causes?

39. http://www.shiftingbaselines.org/blog/archives/000430.html 1 meter rise

40. http://www.shiftingbaselines.org/blog/archives/000430.html 2 meter rise

41. http://www.shiftingbaselines.org/blog/archives/000430.html 6 meter rise

42. 30 meter rise

43. 100 meter rise link to: USGS

44. 2. Plate Tectonics fast spreading rate = high sea level slow = low sea level (affects the shape of ocean basins) Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level Eustatic sea level change (world wide)- causes?

45. transgression in one place while regression in another local mountain uplift or crustal subsidence very rapid influx of sediment or erosion. Sedimentary Facies & Sea Level Local sea level change