2. Fossil Record Evidence for Evolution?

4. The Grand Canyon, Arizona Sedimentary rock typically exists as distinct layers or strata. Strata

5. Monument Valley, Utah

6. Fossil Record Fossils - A trace or remnant of preexisting life embedded and preserved in the earth’s crust. Fossil Record - –A “recording” of history. –A record of the relative times of death of preexisting life.

7. Correlating Sedimentary Rock Strata

8. Fossil Record

9. Exposed Rock Layers in the USA Sedimentary Rock

10. In most places sedimentary rock is hundreds of feet thick, and in other places there is kilometers of thickness. Limestone exists in such vast quantities it has been used in the construction of tremendous monuments such as the pyramids and the sphinx, which are made entirely of this sedimentary rock. Sedimentary Rock Depth Limestone Monuments

11. What Covered the World With Sediment?

12. Strata Formation Layers form anytime particles are suspended in fluid then allowed to settle. Large Particles Small Particles Bryce Canyon National Park Medium Particles

13. Several layers form simultaneously where sediments are flowing.

14. Touchet beds Missoula Flood Slackwater Deposits Near Walla Walla, WA there are up to 40 distinct rhythmite layers exposed in the Burlingame Canyon, that were formed during the Missoula Flood. Rapid Strata Formation Burlingame Canyon

15. Stratified layers up to 400 feet thick formed as a result of landslides, air fall tephra, pyroclastic flow, and mudflows, during the Mt. St. Helens eruptions. Toutle River, Mt. St. Helens Rapid Strata Formation at Mt. St. Helens May 18, 1980 June 12, 1980 March 19, 1982

16. Fossilization

17. Fossilization according to uniformitarianism After death, the ammonite slowly sinks to the sea floor. Scavengers feed on the fleshy body of the creature, and after only several weeks all that remains is the shell. http://www.discoveringfossils.co.uk/

18. Several months after death the shell gradually becomes covered with silt and sand. These layers continue to build, providing a shield around the shell and protecting it from damage. Time continues to pass and more and more layers are deposited. After a few hundred years the shell is several feet beneath the surface. http://www.discoveringfossils.co.uk/ Fossilization according to uniformitarianism

19. Gradually the chemicals in the shell undergo a series of changes. As the shell slowly decays, water infused with minerals passes through it, replacing the chemicals in the shell with rock-like minerals (Calcite, Iron or Silica). Over millions of years the original shell is completely replaced by the minerals and what remains is a rock-like copy of the original shell. The fossil has the same shape as the original object, but is actually rock. Fossilization according to uniformitarianism http://www.discoveringfossils.co.uk/

23. Fossil Fish Fleshy parts fossilized. Did this fish survive decomposition for millions of years?

24. Fossilized Horse Source: Messel Pit Fossil Site http://www.unesco-welterbe.de/en/

25. Fossilized Leaves Carbonized plant Thinnfeldia feistmanteli, Australia. Source: Museum Victoria. http://www.museum.vic.gov.au/prehistoric/image_html/mr007225.html

26. The Last Supper

30. Living Fossils  Crocodiles - dates back 230 million years  Army Ants - dates back 100 million years  Cockroaches - dates back 350 million years  Coelacanth - dates back 400 million years  Crinoid or Sea Lilly dates back 150 million years  Cycads dates back 240 million years  Dragonfly dates back 230 million years  Ginkgo dates back 270 million years  Horseshoe Crab - dates back 300 million years  Nautilus - dates back 500 million years  Neopilina molluscs - dates back 400 million years  Salamanders dates back 150 million years  Sturgeon dates back 250 million years  Tuatara dates back 200 million years.  Velvet Worm dates back 500 million years  Wollemi Pine - dates back 150 million years

31. Marine fossils are found on almost every mountain range in the world (Alps, Andes, etc.), and provide clear evidence that the oceans covered the continents. Marine Fossils Everywhere

32. Out of Place Fossils Assumption: The last appearance of a fossil is the time when it went extinct. The Coelacanth was thought to have gone extinct with the dinosaurs 65 million years ago until it was discovered off the coast of Madagascar. Coelacanth Living Fossil

34. Dinosaurs and Man

35. Are Dinosaurs Mentioned in the Bible? Behold now behemoth, which I made with thee; he eateth grass as an ox.... He moveth his tail like a cedar... His bones are as strong pieces of brass; his bones are like bars of iron. He is the chief of the ways of God; Job 40:15-18

37. What Happened to the Dinosaurs? Did they all die in the

38. What Happened to the Dinosaurs?

39. They all starved They ate too much What Happened to the Dinosaurs?

40. People ate the dinosaurs

41. They changed (evolved) into birds What Happened to the Dinosaurs?

42. One more story

44. From the marrow cavity of a fossilized Tyrannosaurus rex thighbone, scientists have extracted soft tissue. The flexible tissue can be stretched (see arrow) and returns to its original form. March 2005. Evidence of Rapid Burial Geologists claim that fossilization requires millions of years to occur. However, many fossils have been found with fully articulated skeletons, hair, scales, feathers, and soft fleshy parts such as skin, cartilage, unborn fetuses and stomachs containing the animals' last meal.

45. And of every living thing of all flesh, two of every sort shalt thou bring into the ark, to keep them alive with thee; they shall be male and female. (Genesis 6:20) Dinosaurs were on the Ark and they came off the Ark Dinosaurs on the Ark

49. Geological Column Assumptions: 1) Fossil sorting is believed to represent the history of life on earth. 2) Fossils in the lowest layers are believed to have lived before those in upper layers. 3) The first appearance of a fossil is believe to be the time when it evolved. 4) The last appearance of a fossil is believe to be the time it went extinct. Fossil Sorting

50. Sorting Order of Fossils: Man Warm blooded terrestrials Cold blooded terrestrials Free swimming Bottom dwelling Factors Affecting Survival: Habitat Elevation Mobility vs. Sessile Environmental Tolerance Intelligence