1. Chapter 7 REVIEW

2. 1. 2 divisions of the skeletal system
Axial
Skull
Look at which ones are PAIRED
General locations
Sutures
Ribs
Sternum
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Appendicular
Scapula
Clavicle
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Coxal
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Carpals

3. 2. Definitions… Condyle – Smooth, rounded articular surface
Fossa – Depression
Meatus – Tunnel
Spine – Very high ridge
Tuberosity – Knob
Whiplash – hyperextension of the cervical vertebrae

4. 3. Anatomical names Big toe – Hallux Shinbone – Tibia
Tailbone – Coccyx
Kneecap – Patella
Heel – Calcaneous
Breastbone – Sternum
Thumb – Pollux
Jaw – Mandible
Knuckles – Metacarpals
Finger - phalanges

5. 3. Anatomical names Forehead – Frontal Collar bone – Clavicle
Hip bone – Coxae (coxal)
Shoulder blade – Scapula
Elbow – Olecranon process
Cheek bone - Zygomatic

6. 4. Purpose of the Foramen magnum
Large opening in the occipital bone
Allows the exit of the spinal cord from the brain to the vertebrae

7. 5. Sounds to the eardrum
External auditory meatus

8. 6. Hyoid bone Unpaired No direct bony attachment to the skull
Instead, muscles and ligaments attach it to the skull
Provides an attachment site for some tongue muscles

9. 7. 5 sections of the vertebral column
Cervical – neck
Thoracic
Lumbar – lower back
Sacrum
Coccyx - tailbone

10. 8.2 cervical vertebrae 1st = Atlas 2nd = Axis
Has the dens (little knob that allows you to turn your head side to side)

11. 9. Distinguishing feature of thoracic
Have long, thin spinous processes

12. 10. Rib articulation
The ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae

13. 11. As one ages, how do we lose height…
Lose bone density
Loses cartilage mass of the intervertebral disks – becomes thinner and lose its elasticity

14. 12. Distinguish…
Lordosis – exaggerated curve of the lumbar and cervical vertebrae
Kyphosis – Humpback, rounding of the back, slouching posture
Scoliosis – Side to side (lateral) curve
Spina bifida – spinal cord and vertebrae do not close before birth

15. 13. 3 types of ribs
True ribs – articulate with the sternum and the thoracic vertebrae
False ribs – do not attach directly to the sternum, but the ribs above it
Floating ribs – do not attach to the sternum

16. 14. 3 parts of the sternum

17. 15. Carpal bones
Radius is on the same side as the thumb

18. 15. Tarsal bones

19. 16. Dislocated shoulder
Injury to the joint between the humerus and scapula
Ball and socket joint
Humerus fits into the glenoid cavity

20. 17. Name the following: ANATOMICAL POSITION Forearm Ankle joint
Lateral bone – Radius (thumb side)
Medial bone - Ulna
Ankle joint
Lateral side - Fibula
Medial side - Tibia

21. 18. Location of each
Acetabulum – socket of the pelvis (femur attaches here)
Obturator foramen – holes for nerves/muscles to pass in the coxa
Ilium – uppermost bone of the pelvis
Ischium – lower/back part of the pelvis
Pubic – very bottom of the pelvis

22. 18. Locations of each
Talus – sits between the heel bone (calcaneous) and the tibia/fibula
Coxal – hip bone
Deltoid tuberosity – humerus; rough area for muscle attachment
Greater trochanter – next to the head of the femur
Lateral malleous – distal end of the fibula

23. 19. Big toe and Thumb They both only have 2 bones
Distal and proximal phalanges – NO MEDIAL