1. Business English.School of Business Administration Pntificia Universidad Catòlica de Valparaìso Past Perfect FORM Past Perfect [HAD] + [PAST PARTICIPLE] Examples: I had studied a little English when I came to the U.S. They had never met an American until they met John. NOTE: For Past Perfect (had met), adverbs often come between the first part and the second part (had never met).

2. Business English.School of Business Administration Pntificia Universidad Catòlica de Valparaìso USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in Past The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. EXAMPLES: I couldn’t get into my house yesterday night because I had left the keys at the office. Had you ever visited Japan before your trip in 2002? Yes, I had been to Japan once before in 1998. She had never given a presentation before, that’s why she was so nervous yesterday.

3. Business English.School of Business Administration Pntificia Universidad Catòlica de Valparaìso Simple Future The Simple Future has two different forms in English, "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and practice the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer to a specific time in the future.

4. Business English.School of Business Administration Pntificia Universidad Catòlica de Valparaìso –FORM Will [WILL] + [VERB] EXAMPLES: I will contact you as soon as I get the information. I will never help him. NOTE: Adverbs usually come between the first part and the second part of the future tense. (will never help).

5. Business English.School of Business Administration Pntificia Universidad Catòlica de Valparaìso USE 1"Will" to Express a Voluntary Action EXAMPLES: A: I'm really hungry. B: I'll make some sandwiches. A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep. B: I'll get you some coffee. A: The phone is ringing. B: I'll get it.

6. Business English.School of Business Administration Pntificia Universidad Catòlica de Valparaìso USE 2 "Will" to Express a Promise EXAMPLES: I will call you when I arrive. If I am elected President of Chile I will make sure everyone has access to inexpensive health insurance. I promise I will not tell her about the surprise party.

7. Business English.School of Business Administration Pntificia Universidad Catòlica de Valparaìso USE 3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan EXAMPLES: Now that I have enough money, I’m going to buy a BMW We are going to meet each other tonight at 9:00 PM. A: Who is going to make the arrangements for the flight? B: The secretary is going to make the final all the necessary arrangements for the flight

8. Business English.School of Business Administration Pntificia Universidad Catòlica de Valparaìso USE 4 "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction EXAMPLES: The year 2004 will be a very interesting year. The year 2004 is going to be a very interesting year. Who will be the next President? Who is going to be the next President. The movie “Sub Terra" will win several Academy Awards. The movie “Sub Terra" is going to win several Academy Awards.

9. Business English.School of Business Administration Pntificia Universidad Catòlica de Valparaìso FORM Be Going To [AM / IS / ARE] + [GOING TO] + [VERB] EXAMPLES: He is going to meet his sales representative for South America tonight. He is definitely going to meet Jane tonight. NOTE: When you are using a verb tense with more than one part such as Simple Future (is going to meet), adverbs usually come between the first part and the second part (is definitely going to meet).

10. Business English.School of Business Administration Pntificia Universidad Catòlica de Valparaìso IMPORTANT No Future in Time Clauses Like all future forms, the Simple Future cannot be used in clauses beginning with "when", "while", "before", "after", "by the time," "as soon as," "if" and "unless." In this lesson, all verbs in Time Clauses are italicized. EXAMPLES: When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct Source: http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplefuture.html