3. Regional Gliding SchoolHumidity l Amount of water vapour present in the air. Relative Humidity l The ratio of water vapour present in the air compared to the amount the same volume could hold if it were saturated. l If a given mass of air is heated and no new water vapour is added, the relative humidity decreases.

4. Regional Gliding School Dew Point l The temperature to which air must be cooled, at a constant pressure, to become saturated. Saturation l When a mass of air is holding the maximum amount of water vapour it can hold, at a given temperature, it is saturated.

5. Regional Gliding SchoolCondensation l When invisible water vapour cools, it condenses to the form of visible water droplets. Sublimation l The water vapour changes directly into ice crystals without passing through the visible water droplet stage.

6. Regional Gliding SchoolEvaporation l When water droplets heat and form water vapour. Isotherm l Lines joining places of equal temperature

7. Regional Gliding School Freezing Point l Point at which water freezes (0°C). Boiling Point l The point at which water boils (100°C).

8. Regional Gliding School Temperature has an effect on air density. Cold air is more dense (heavier) Warm air is less dense (lighter)

9. Regional Gliding School Confirmation Stage NOTE: You must use the buttons in the Confirmation Stage

10. Regional Gliding School A B C D Dew Point Sublimation ratio Let's try a few review questions on Meteorology: Question #1 - What name is given to the ratio of water vapour present in the air compared to the amount the same volume could hold if it were saturated. Relative humidity Isotherm Meteorology Humidity, Temperature, & Stability

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15. Regional Gliding School A B C D Isobars Isotherms Let's try a few review questions on Meteorology: Question #2 - What are lines joining places of equal temperature? Dew Point Saturation Meteorology Humidity, Temperature, & Stability

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20. Regional Gliding School Atmospheric Heating The Atmosphere is heated from below. Radiation short wave radiation from the sun is absorbed by the earth’s surface and re-radiated to the atmosphere in long waves. This long wave radiation heats the troposphere from below. Advectionas colder air moves over a warmer surface it is heated by contact with this surface.

21. Regional Gliding School Atmospheric Heating The Atmosphere is heated from below. Compression as air sinks it moves into an area of higher pressure and is compressed. As it compresses it heats up.

22. Regional Gliding School Heat Distribution Aloft Conduction heat gradually diffuses through an object, moving from hot to cold. Plays a very minor role in weather. Turbulencefriction between the earth’s surface and the moving air causes mechanical turbulence which results in heat distribution. Convectionwhen warm air rises colder air moves in to replace it causing a vertical circulation resulting in heat distribution.

23. Regional Gliding School Atmospheric Cooling RadiationAfter sunset the earth continues to radiate its heat thus becoming cooler. Air in contact with this cooler surface becomes cooler. Advectionwarm air moves over a cooler surface and cools down by contact with this surface. ExpansionAs air is forced to rise it expands and cools.

24. Regional Gliding School Vertical Distribution of Temperature Decrease of temperature with altitude is know as lapse rate. Dry Adiabatic3.0 °C / 1000’ Wet Adiabatic1.5 °C / 1000’ ICAO1.98°C / 1000’ Increase in temperature with altitude is know as an inversion. Types of lapse rates

25. Regional Gliding School Stability and Instability Stability The tendency of air to remain at its horizontal level when distributed. It resists upward or downward displacement. InstabilityThe tendency of air to continue to move away from its original horizontal level when disturbed.

26. Regional Gliding School Relationship between Lapse Rate and Stability Unstable air is indicated by a steep lapse rate Stable air is indicated by a shallow lapse rate Heating from below causes instability Cooling from below causes stability

27. Regional Gliding School Weather Characteristics

28. Regional Gliding School NOTE: You must use the buttons in the Confirmation Stage

29. Regional Gliding School A B C D Radiation Convection Let's try a few review questions on Meteorology: Question #3 - Earth absorbs the suns short wave radiation then re-radiates this heat to the atmosphere in long waves. Turbulence Expansion Meteorology Humidity, Temperature, & Stability

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34. Regional Gliding School A B C D 1.98°C/1000ft 2.0°C/1000ft Let's try a few review questions on Meteorology: Question #4 - What is the dry lapse rate? 3.0°C/1000ft 1.5°C/1000ft Meteorology Humidity, Temperature, & Stability

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39. Regional Gliding School Congratulations!! You have now completed the Humidity, Temperature & Stability lesson of the Meteorology Module. Of course, this lesson is always available to you for future reference if required. You are now ready to move along to the next Meteorology lesson you have not completed or to any other module you wish. You can advance to the Self Test Module if you feel ready to challenge the final exam. Good Luck! Meteorology Humidity, Temperature, & Stability