1. Updated August 1, 2004Created by C. Ippolito August 1, 2004 Photosynthesis Chapter 8 Pages 200 - 214

2. Updated August 1, 2004Created by C. Ippolito August 1, 2004 Energy and Life Where do plants get the energy they need to produce food? What is the role of ATP in cellular activities? Chapter 8 Section 1 Pages 201 - 207

3. Updated August 1, 2004Created by C. Ippolito August 1, 2004 Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Autotrophs use light energy to make food from simple chemicalsHeterotrophs Obtain energy from foods they consume herbivoresherbivores – eat plants carnivorescarnivores – eat animals that eat plants predatorspredators – hunt and kill scavengersscavengers – sick and diseased or “leftovers” omnivoresomnivores – eat plants or animals decomposersdecomposers – eat remains of plants and animals

4. Updated August 1, 2004Created by C. Ippolito August 1, 2004 Chemical Energy and ATP Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Function: stores energy for immediate use only form of energy cells can use Parts: AdenineAdenine – a nitrogen base RiboseRibose – a 5-carbon sugar PhosphategroupsPhosphate groups

5. Updated August 1, 2004Created by C. Ippolito August 1, 2004 Storing Energy Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) + energy → Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

6. Updated August 1, 2004Created by C. Ippolito August 1, 2004 Releasing Energy Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) → Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) + energy

7. Updated August 1, 2004Created by C. Ippolito August 1, 2004 Homework Complete Section Assessment for 8-1 on page 203

8. Updated August 1, 2004Created by C. Ippolito August 1, 2004 Photosynthesis: An Overview What did the experiments of van Helmont, Priestley, and Ingenhousz reveal about how plants grow? What is the overall equation for photosynthesis? What is the role of light and chlorophyll in photosynthesis? Chapter 8 Section 2 Pages 204 - 207

9. Updated August 1, 2004Created by C. Ippolito August 1, 2004 Photosynthesis Plants: sunlight 1. capture sunlight energy watercarbon dioxidesugar 2. convert water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into sugar (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) light energychemical energy 3. Change light energy into chemical energy oxygen 4. Release oxygen to atmosphere

10. Updated August 1, 2004Created by C. Ippolito August 1, 2004 Investigating Photosynthesis van Helmont van Helmont – plants gain mass from water Priestley Priestley – plants release oxygen Ingenhousz Ingenhousz – plants only release oxygen when in light Mayer Mayer – plants change light energy → chemical energy Calvin Calvin – carbon to sugar pathway

11. Updated August 1, 2004Created by C. Ippolito August 1, 2004 Photosynthesis Equation 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O → C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 carbon dioxide + water → sugar + oxygen

12. Updated August 1, 2004Created by C. Ippolito August 1, 2004 Homework Complete Section Assessment for 8-3 on page 207

13. Updated August 1, 2004Created by C. Ippolito August 1, 2004 The Reactions of Photosynthesis What happens in the light-dependent reactions? What is the Calvin cycle? Chapter 8 Section 3 Pages 208 - 215

14. Updated August 1, 2004Created by C. Ippolito August 1, 2004 Inside a Chloroplast Thylakoids Thylakoids – saclike photosynthetic membrane inside chloroplast Granum Granum – stack of thylakoids Photosystems Photosystems – light collecting units within the thylakoids Contain pigments to capture light

15. Updated August 1, 2004Created by C. Ippolito August 1, 2004 Electron Carriers Sunlight energy excites electrons in chlorophyll NADP + These high energy electrons are carried to Calvin Cycle by the carrier molecule – NADP + NADP + NADPHNADP + + 2e- + H+ → NADPH

16. Updated August 1, 2004Created by C. Ippolito August 1, 2004 Light Dependent Reactions Use energy from sunlight to 1. Split water releasing oxygen gas to air providing H + ions 2. convert ADP into ATP 3. convert NADP+ into NADPH ATP and NADPH got to Calvin Cycle

17. Updated August 1, 2004Created by C. Ippolito August 1, 2004 The Calvin Cycle Uses the energy ATP and NADPH to Combine CO 2 and H+ to form high energy sugar molecules

18. Updated August 1, 2004Created by C. Ippolito August 1, 2004 Factors Affecting Photosynthesis Concentration of Raw Materials Lack of water and/or carbon dioxide will slow down process Temperature Enzyme optimum between 0 ° C and 35 ° C Light Intensity Rate increases as intensity increase then rate stabilizes at a maximum “plateau”

19. Updated August 1, 2004Created by C. Ippolito August 1, 2004 Homework Complete Section Assessment for 8-3 on page 214 Copy Study Guides for 8-1, 8-2, and 8- 3 on page 216 into your notebook.