1. “ Merging Powers, Ideologies and Social Conflicts :Sparta and Crete in the Chremonidean War” Andrea Scarpato as817@le.ac.uk

2. The Hellenistic World and War Launey (1949) “Le monde hellénistique est, pour une bonne part, un monde militaire. La guerre constitue son état naturel” Eckstein (2006) “A world of multipolarity and unstable balances of power with the prevalence of war”

3. Mediterranean Scene

4. Social Sphere William James (1910)

5. Chremonidean War

6. Re-evaluate the dynamics of the War Re-assess the number of protagonists involved Investigate the role of Cretan poleis in the conflict Evaluate the ideological change in Spartan royal identity Objectives

7. IG II 2 678 ; Syll. 3 434-5; Schmitt n°476 Decree of Chremonides ll. 15-26: King Ptolemy; people of Athens; Lacedaemonians; Eleans; Acheans; Tegeates; Mantineans; Orchomenians; Phigaleians; Caphyeans; all the Cretans who are in alliance with the Lacedaemonians and Areus and other allies.

8. Caphyae

9. Silver tetradrachm of King Areus I (struck c. 267-265 BC). Obv. Head of Herakles wearing a lion’s skin headdress (right/front). Rev. [ΒΑΣΙΛΕOΣ ΑΡΕΟΣ] Zeus seated in his throne, with eagle standing on his right hand and a scepter in his left.

11. A Mediterranean Bridge

12. Caphyae

13. Thanks for your attention

14. Bibliography Contributions about the Chremonidean War in Chronological Order Ferguson W.S. (1911), Hellenistic Athens, London Tarn W.W. (1913), Antigonos Gonatas, Oxford Beloch K.J. (1922-1927 2 ), Griechische Geschichte, III-IV, Berlin/Leipzig Cloché P. (1946),, La politique extérieure de Lacédémone depuis la mort d’Agis III jusqu’à celle d’Acrotatos, fils d’Areus Ier, Revue des Etudes Anciennes n. 48, p. 29-61 McCredie J.R. (1966), Fortified Military Camps in Attica, Hesperia, Supplement XI Heinen H. (1972), Untersuchungen zur Hellenistischen Geschichte des 3. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. Zur Geschichte der Zeit des Ptolemaios Keraunos und zum chremonideischen Krieg, Historia 20, Marasco G. (1980), Sparta agli inizi dell’Età Ellenistica: il regno di Areo I (309/8 – 265/4 a.C.), Firenze Christien J. (1987), Les forteresses de la côte orientale de la Laconie et la guerre de Chémonides, KTEMA 12, p. 111-126 O’Neil J.L. (2008), A Re-examination of the Chremonidean War, in McKechmie P. and Guillame P. (eds.), Ptolemy II Philadelphus and his World (Mnemosyne Supplements, 300;, Leiden-Boston: Brill), p. 65-89 Contributions about Cretan poleis in the Chremonidean War in Chronological Order Cardinali G. (1901-1902), Creta e le Grandi potenze ellenistiche sino alla Guerra di Litto, Rivista di Storia Antica, IX Van Effenterre H. (1948), La Crète et le Monde Grec de Platon a Polybe, Paris Spyridakis S. (1970), Ptolemaic Itanos and Hellenistic Crete, Los Angeles/London Other Bibliography Launey M. (1949), Recherches sur les armées hellénistiques, Paris Eckstein A.M. (2006), Mediterranean Anarchy, Interstate War, and The Rise of Rome, Berkeley/Los Angeles/London James W. (1971), The Moral Equivalent of War (1910) and other Essays/ Some Problems of Philosophy, London