1. Lecturer: Miljen Matijašević e-mail: miljen.matijasevic@gmail.commiljen.matijasevic@gmail.com G10, room 6, Tue 11:30-12:30 Session 5, 24 Apr 2014

2. 1. Academic style (continued) 2. Interpretation of Data

3. (continued)

4. Identify the words or phrases that make the sentences below informal. 1. Expert systems can help out the user in the diagnosis of problems. 2. The program was set up to improve access to medical care. 3. Research expenditure has gone up by nearly $3.6 million. 4. Researchers have found out that this drug has serious side effects. 5. The use of optical character readers (OCRs) should cut down on the number of problems with Australia Post. 6. Building nuclear power will not get rid of the power crisis. 7. Researchers have been looking into this problem for more than fifteen years. 8. The issue was brought up for investigation. 9. Engineers have come up with better designs using computer simulations. 10. The emission levels have been going up and down.

5. assist – reduce – create – investigate – raise establish – increase – determine – fluctuate - eliminate 1. Expert systems can help out the user in the diagnosis of problems. 2. The program was set up to improve access to medical care. 3. Research expenditure has gone up by nearly $3.6 million. 4. Researchers have found out that this drug has serious side effects. 5. The use of optical character readers (OCRs) should cut down on the number of problems with Australia Post. 6. Building nuclear power will not get rid of the power crisis. 7. Researchers have been looking into this problem for more than fifteen years. 8. The issue was brought up for investigation. 9. Engineers have come up with better designs using computer simulations. 10. The emission levels have been going up and down.

6. Answers 1. Expert systems can assist the user in the diagnosis of problems. 2. The program was established to improve access to medical care. 3. Research expenditure has increased by nearly $3.6 million. 4. Researchers have determined that this drug has serious side effects. 5. The use of optical character readers (OCRs) should reduce the number of problems with Australia Post. 6. Building nuclear power will not eliminate the power crisis. 7. Researchers have been investigating this problem for more than fifteen years. 8. The issue was raised for investigation. 9. Engineers have created better designs using computer simulations. 10. The emission levels have been fluctuating.

7. Rewrite the following paragraph Causes of writing errors Research has shown (James) that learners of English find writing the most difficult thing they’ve got to do. There are 3 main types of error that the learner will make. The biggest sort of error leads to misunderstanding or a total breakdown in communication. There are lots of causes of this: the biggest is the use of translation from the mother tongue. By translating word for word the student uses the wrong sentence patterns (grammar) and the wrong words (vocabulary). Another cause is choosing to write too long and complicated sentences with far too many supplementary clauses. The longer the sentence the bigger is the chance of making mistakes and failing to communicate the meaning. Therefore, in the early stages of your writing, you shouldn’t write sentences longer than 3 lines.

8. Rewrite the following paragraph Causes of writing errors Research has shown (James) that learners of English find writing the most difficult thing they’ve got to do. There are 3 main types of error that the learner will make. Some research suggests (James, 1988) that learners of English appear to find that writing is the most difficult thing for them to master. There are three main types of error that learners frequently might make.

9. Rewrite the following paragraph Causes of writing errors The biggest sort of error leads to misunderstanding or a total breakdown in communication. There are lots of causes of this: the biggest is the use of translation from the mother tongue. By translating word for word the student uses the wrong sentence patterns (grammar) and the wrong words (vocabulary). The most serious type of error may lead to a misunderstanding or a total breakdown in communication. There are many causes of this: one of the biggest is the use of translation from the mother tongue. By translating word for word the student may employ the wrong sentence patterns and the wrong vocabulary.

10. Rewrite the following paragraph Causes of writing errors Another cause is choosing to write too long and complicated sentences with far too many supplementary clauses. The longer the sentence the bigger is the chance of making mistakes and failing to communicate the meaning. Therefore, in the early stages of your writing, you shouldn’t write sentences longer than 3 lines. Another cause is choosing to write long and complicated sentences with an excessive number of subordinate clauses. The longer the sentence, the greater is the likelihood of making mistakes and failing to communicate the meaning. Consequently, in the early stages of their writing, the advice to students is that they should not write sentences which are longer than three lines.

11. Sample answer Causes of writing errors Some research suggests (James, 1988) that learners of English appear to find that writing is the most difficult thing for them to master. There are three main types of error that learners frequently might make. The most serious type of error may lead to a misunderstanding or a total breakdown in communication. There are many causes of this: one of the biggest is the use of translation from the mother tongue. By translating word for word the student may employ the wrong sentence patterns and the wrong vocabulary. Another cause is choosing to write long and complicated sentences with an excessive number of subordinate clauses. The longer the sentence, the greater is the likelihood of making mistakes and failing to communicate the meaning. Consequently, in the early stages of their writing, the advice to students is that they should not write sentences which are longer than three lines.

13. Interpretation of Data Write a description of the following chart and table Study the Structure and Vocabulary Aid pp. 74-75

15. Interpretation of data Chart 1 shows the distribution of the world’s population by continent. The vertical axis shows the percentage of world population and the horizontal axis compares the six continents listed, divided into a comparison of three years: 1800, 1900 and 1997. As can be seen from the chart, by far the largest percentage of the world’s population lived in Asia compared with any other continent in 1800. In fact, Asia accounted for as much as 65% of the world’s population. On the other hand, North America and Oceania together accounted for only 1% of the total.

16. Interpretation of Data

17. Natural Change in Population 1950-2007 (SAMPLE ANSWER) The diagram shows the numbers of live births and deaths in the period from 1950 to 2007. The total number of deaths remained close to 50,000 throughout the period. An exception is the period around 1960 which recorded particular lows of slightly above 40,000, but the trend soon recovered. As concerns live births, the situation is vastly different. In the period of 57 years, the number of live births dropped dramatically from as many as 95,000 in 1950 to slightly over 40,000 in 2007. The decrease has been relatively steady.

18. Use the phrases and expressions from the Vocabulary Aid handout and describe this chart. Focus on the pieces of information you find the most striking and interesting.