1. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net Intelligent Debugging and in-memory Fuzzers By Vishwas Sharma Amandeep Bharti Rohan Thakur

2. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net typedef struct presentation { Basics of Debugging Scripted Debugging techniques In-Memory fuzzing Technique Demo of o Scripted Debugging (function trace analysis) o In-Memory fuzzing (A Microsoft bug.) }

3. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net class Debugging { Loading / attaching process in debugging enviornment Types of Debugging Events Concept of breakpoint at implementation level o Soft Breakpoints o Hard Breakpoints o Memory Breakpoints Context (CPU registers) Hooking o Soft Hooking o Hard Hooking Concept of injection in debugging }

4. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net func Attach/Load { HANDLE WINAPI OpenProcess (Attaching) Return process handler BOOL WINAPI CreateProcess (Loading) One of the output variable is process handler of loaded process BOOL WINAPI DebugActiveProcess Attach to an active process

5. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net func DebugEvents { BOOL WINAPI WaitForDebugEvent Wait for any debugging event if and when a perticular debugging event is triggered handle the event as you require BOOL WINAPI ContinueDebugEvent Continue Looking for debugging events BOOL WINAPI DebugActiveProcessStop Detach to process from debugging enviornment

6. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net func DebugEvents { typedef struct _DEBUG_EVENT { DWORD dwDebugEventCode; DWORD dwProcessId; DWORD dwThreadId; union { EXCEPTION_DEBUG_INFO Exception; Event is thrown whenever an exception occurs in the application being debugged. CREATE_THREAD_DEBUG_INFO CreateThread; Event is thrown when thread is created in the process CREATE_PROCESS_DEBUG_INFO CreateProcessInfo; Event is thrown when a process is created EXIT_THREAD_DEBUG_INFO ExitThread; Event is Triggered when Thread Exits EXIT_PROCESS_DEBUG_INFO ExitProcess; Event is Triggered when Process Exits

7. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net func DebugEvents { LOAD_DLL_DEBUG_INFO LoadDll; Event is thrown when a dll is Loaded UNLOAD_DLL_DEBUG_INFO UnloadDll; Event is thrown when a dll is unloaded OUTPUT_DEBUG_STRING_INFO DebugString; Event occurs when the debugee calls the API call OutputDebugString to send debugging information to a debugger RIP_INFO RipInfo; Event is triggered if your process being debugged dies unexpectedly

8. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net class Breakpoint { Loading / attaching process in debugging enviornment Types of Debugging Events Concept of breakpoint at implementation level o Soft Breakpoints o Hard Breakpoints o Memory Breakpoints Context (CPU registers) Hooking o Soft Hooking o Hard Hooking Concept of injection in debugging }

9. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net Concept of breakpoints Soft Breakpoint:- A soft breakpoint is a single-byte instruction, INT3 that stops execution of the debugged process and passes control to the debugger’s breakpoint exception handler.

10. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net Hard Breakpoint

11. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net Concept of breakpoints Memory Breakpoint:- This breakpoint can be triggered on Execution, Read or Write operations performed during the process execution.

12. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net Soft Hooking Similar to setting a breakpoint but we can control The thread context using our own scripting techinque. The hook you are really just extending a particular piece of code to run your hook and then return to the normal execution path.

13. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net Hardware Break Points Hard hooking Concept of injection in debugging

14. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net Python Offering Ctypes - which provides us interface between c type programming language and data types with ability to call function in Dll Pydbg - which provides us scripting debugging library Utils - Which provide us hooking library with crash dump analysis function IDAPython - Time for python to take control of IDA Pro

15. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net Python offering Immlib - Immunity debugger library for Ollydbg like experience with python PyEmu - It’s like running a process without actually running it. Using this library we can test how the code would behave under certain circumstances. PeachFuzz & Sulley - An python based fuzzer with over 700 known exploit heuristics

16. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net In-Memory Fuzzing Virtual space - As we know that it is the virtual address space 4GB for 32 bit system. This virtual address space is typically divided into two parts user space (0x00000000 - 0x7fffffff) and kernel space (0x80000000-0xffffffff). Libraries is loaded into this virtual space in a flat memory model i.e. contiguous rather than fragmented - Purely performance reasons.

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18. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net In-Memory Fuzzing Pages - The concept of pages is basic to operating system. A page is the address translation between the virtual memory and physical memory and is the minimum amount of space that can be allocated from the physical to virtual space. There are specific paging access options that Windows set during the initialization of page.

19. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net In-Memory Fuzzing

20. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net In-Memory Fuzzing : Algo function (data) { } function in_mem_fuzz if breakpoint hit = Function End if snapshot_taken then restore_process virtual free previous allocated address if breakpoint hit = Function Start

21. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net take snapshot set breakpoint at function end addr = virtual allocate(datasize) mutate = mutate(data) write mutated data to addr change esp+4 variable to our mutated data location process snapshot run funnction

22. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net function access_voilation: Print access violation synopsis when encounter access violation restore process

23. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net Demo

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27. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net Demo

28. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net Binary Analysis of these functions Integer overflow then a undersized buffer will be allocated mov eax, [ebp+Points] ;Integer Overflow could happen here lea eax, [edi+eax*2] ; number of polygons + 2 * number of points shl eax, 2 ; *4 push eax mov ecx, esi call ?CreateRecordToModify@MfEnumState@@IAEHH@Z ;MfEn umState::CreateRecordToModify(int)

29. nullcon Goa 2010http://nullcon.net Questions