1. Chesapeake Bay: An Introduction to an Ecosystem Section 4: Communities II-1E3: Plankton View this quiz as a slide show from “the beginning” During the slide show, you can right click on any slide and choose pointer options then pen or highlighter to write on any slide. But you will need to right click & choose pointer options then arrow before you can click on any of the navigation links again. Click to Start

2. ________________ are tiny single-celled plants that require light to live and reproduce. Therefore, the largest concentrations occur near the surface. No hint Phytoplankton HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-1

3. True or False: Salinity affects phytoplankton distribution with the largest number of species preferring the fresher waters near the head of the Bay. No hint False: Salinity affects phytoplankton distribution with the largest number of species preferring the saltier waters near the mouth of the Bay. HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-2

4. What season do the largest concentrations of phytoplankton in the Bay occur? Why? No hint Spring. The amount of nutrients in the water is a major determinant to the abundance of these plants so the largest concentrations occur during the spring when nutrients are replenished by freshwater runoff from the watershed HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-3

5. These high concentrations of phytoplankton produce the characteristic _____________ color of estuarine and near-shore waters. No hint brown-green HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-4

6. Although there are many species of phytoplankton, the major types in the Bay are _________ and______________. No hint HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-5 diatoms dinoflagellates

7. __________________, which are present throughout much of the year, may account for 50% of total algal production. No hint Diatoms HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-6

8. When ______________ dominate the water, a red-tinted bloom, called a mahogany tide, may be produced. Mahogany tides typically occur on warm, calm days, often following rain. No hint dinoflagellates HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-7

9. Changes in chemical conditions, such as the addition of nutrients, can cause what changes in algae? What are some consequences of these changes? No hint Changes in chemical conditions can cause rapid increases in the amount of algae. These algal blooms can block light from reaching SAV beds. Even after they die, deposition and subsequent decomposition of large masses of plankton in the mainstem of the Bay can deplete dissolved oxygen, suffocating other estuarine animals. HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-8

10. Phytoplankton are the major food source for microscopic animals called ______________. No hint zooplankton HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-9

11. Dominating the zooplankton are the __________ (tiny crustaceans about one millimeter long) and _______________. No hint HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-10 fish larvae copepods

12. Zooplankton are distributed according to __________ levels. Distribution patterns also are related to those of their main food source—the _____________. No hint HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-11 salinity phytoplankton

13. Zooplankton also feed on other particulate plant matter and _________. No hint bacteria HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-12

14. Tiny ______________ of invertebrates and fish also are considered zooplankton. This planktonic stage is only temporary, these are consumed by larger animals, and may, as they grow, consume copepods. No hint larvae HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-13

15. Another group of zooplankton found in the Bay are the _________. These single-celled animals feed on detritus and bacteria. They, in turn, become food for larvae, copepods and larger protozoa. No hint protozoa HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-14

16. ________________ are essentially the decomposers in the Bay. Their primary function is to break down dead matter, particularly plants, making nutrients in dead plant and animal matter again become available for growing plants. They are eaten by zooplankton and other filter-feeding animals. No hint Bacteria HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-15

17. Bacteria can be residents of the Bay or can be introduced through various pathways, including _______________ and ________________________. No hint HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-16 runoff from the land human sewage

18. _______________ bacteria are normal resident bacteria found in the intestines of mammals. No hint Coliform HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-17

19. What does the presence of coliforn in a body of water indicate? No hint human or other animal wastes are present disease-producing pathogens may be present in the water. HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-18

20. ____________ and ______________ are the largest zooplankton in the Bay. Some of these gelatinous creatures swim, though they are still at the mercy of the water currents. HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-19 comb jelliesJellyfishes

21. Jellyfishes have ____________ with stinging cells used to stun prey. No hint tentacles HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-20

22. The most famous jellyfish in the Chesapeake is the ________________. No hint sea nettle HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-21

23. Sea nettles feed voraciously on other _____________, including ____________, _____________ and even small __________________. No hint HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-22 zooplankton fish comb jellies fish larvae

24. Because of the large volume of water in their bodies, few animals except ________________ prey on sea nettles. No hint sea turtles HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-23

25. Comb jellies, lacking the stinging cells of nettles, capture prey with ___________. No hint adhesive cells HintAnswerNext Slide II-1E3-24

26. Comb jellies consume vast quantities of small _____________ and ___________, especially _______________. C, z & o HintAnswerLast Slide II-1E3-1 copepods oyster larvae zooplankton