1. Technology in Action Alan Evans Kendall Martin Mary Anne Poatsy Tenth Edition Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

2. Technology in Action Chapter 8 Digital Devices and Media: Managing a Digital Lifestyle Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

3. Digital Convergence Digital convergence –The use of a single unifying device to handle media, Internet, entertainment, and telephony needs –Smartphones do almost anything computers do –Refrigerators can include LCD touch-screen and network adapters Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 2

4. Digital Convergence (cont.) Digital Living Network Alliance –Organization working to standardize different kinds of appliances and network devices As more and more computing power is available in mobile processors, mobile devices have evolved to be able to do multiple tasks. –Smartphones can now video-conference like laptops. –Tablets like the iPad are touch sensitive like smartphones. –Netbooks and ultrabooks both run traditional desktop operating systems and are lightweight. All these devices have significant overlap in the tasks they can perform, so learning the differences will be important in finding the device that’s just right for you. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3

5. Telephony: Smartphones and Beyond Telephony –The use of equipment to provide voice communications over a distance Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4

6. Telephony: Smartphones and Beyond Smartphone Basics What exemplifies a Smartphone? The functions & features of: –Internet access –Personal information management (PIM) –Voice recording –Play and organize music files –GPS services –Digital image and video capture –Computing power to run programs Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5

7. Telephony: Smartphones and Beyond Smartphone Basics (cont.) Cell (cellular) phones –All phones that use mobile, cellular technology –Feature phones are inexpensive, less powerful cell phones with modest processors, simpler interfaces, and often no touch screen Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6

8. Telephony: Smartphones and Beyond Smartphone Components (cont.) Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 7

9. Telephony: Smartphones and Beyond Smartphone Components Smartphones have the same components as a computer –CPU –Memory ROM for OS Other Internal memory chips Micro SD flash cards –Input devices Microphone, Touch pad, Keyboard –Output devices Speaker, Liquid crystal display (LCD), OLED: (Optical light emitting diode) –Require their own operating system –Specialized Processors GPUs Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 8

10. Telephony: Smartphones and Beyond Smartphone Components (cont.) Phone data is stored in separate Many smartphones let you add additional memory –iPhones don’t let you add memory Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9

11. Telephony: Smartphones and Beyond Smartphone Components (cont.) Smartphone OS comes with standard collection of software –To-do list –Contact manager –Calendar Web-based software stores for software applications Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 10

12. How Cell Phone Technology Works Set of connected “cells” make up cellular network –Geographic areas centered on a base transceiver station –The base transceiver station picks up the request for service and passes it to a central location – the mobile switching center –The role of the Mobile Switching Center is to: Make sure that service is routed to a base station based on the strength of the signal When signal is weak, it orders the next base station to take charge of the call Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 11

13. How cell phone Technology Works When you speak into a cell phone, a series of digital processing steps occur: 1.Sound enters the microphone as a sound wave. 2.The analog-to-digital converter chip digitizes the analog sound waves into digital signals. 3.The digital signal processor chip compresses the data so that it will transmit more quickly to another phone. 4.The digital data is transmitted as a radio wave through the cellular network to the destination phone. 5.The receiving digital signal processor decompresses the incoming message. 6.An amplifier on the receiving phone boosts signal to make it louder and passes it to speaker Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 12

14. Digital Data Any kind of information can be digitized (i.e. measured and converted to a stream of numeric values) –Sound waves –Light waves Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 13

15. Digital Data Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 14

16. Digital Data Digital formats describe signals as long strings of numbers Analog-to-digital conversion –Measures the incoming analog signal many times each second –The strength of the signal at each measurement is recorded as a simple number –The series of numbers produced is the digital form of the wave Easy to distribute digital information The implications of the shift to digital media are continually evolving. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 15

17. Smartphones: Synchronizing Transfer of data to your phone –Use a micro SD card –Use a USB cable –Use a wireless connection to transfer data Bluetooth – uses a small Bluetooth chip to allow the transfer of data wirelessly to any other Bluetooth-enabled device via radio waves –Bluetooth 4 »Distances up to ~300 feet »almost 2x speed of Bluetooth3. WiFi connection through the cloud –SugarSync, Apple’s iOS 5, Google Sync, Amazon Kindle Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 16

18. Text Messaging Short message service (SMS) - Allows you to send up to 160 characters SMS uses the cell phone network –The sms calling center receives the message and delivers it to the appropriate mobile device using something called store-and-forward technology. MMS (Multimedia MS) is an extension that allows you to send messages that include, text, sound, images, and video –arrives as a series of messages; the text, then the image, and then the sound, and so on. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 17

19. Mobile Internet Smartphones and other mobile devices connect to Internet using: 1.WiFi network - faster 2.Cellular phone system (3G||4G) – more available This requires a wireless Internet service provider - Phone companies double as wireless ISPs –Providers measure Internet usage according to how much data you download/upload - Wi-Fi doesn’t count –Internet connectivity plan is known as the data plan Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 18

20. Telephony: Smartphones and Beyond Mobile Internet (cont.) Cellular data transfer –more reliable than WiFi and less susceptible to interference and saves on power consumption –3G standard offers speeds up to 3.8 Mpbs –4G standard – although technically capable of up to 100 Mpbs, this is not yet available and so in practice 4G LTE (new 4G) delivers 6 Mbps to 11 Mbps. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 19 Not shown - Cable or fiber-option offer speeds up to 50 Mbps.

21. Before you Subscribe Before subscribing to a data plan, you should asses your needs: 1.How often will you be able to use WiFi access vs. the cellular network? Is security an issue? 2.How often do you download apps, stream music, or play online games? 3.Do you use your phone to watch streaming video? 4.Do you use your smartphone’s Internet access to download files attached to e-mails or from your company website? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 20

22. Wi-Fi Mobile Internet Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 21 Setting your phone to use a WiFi connection will be slightly different for each mobile OS, but in general, you turn on the setting that allows your phone to look for a network. –If a network is found, the phone will try to log in. If the network has security protection, you’ll be prompted for a password before joining. – Most smartphones then display a special icon to show that you’re using a WiFi connection instead of a 3G/4G signal. Some people choose to leave their phone in the mode where it’s looking for a WiFi network so it will always use a WiFi signal it is available, saving them on data plan usage. –This does use more battery life, though, so turn off WiFi detection if you’re trying to extend your battery usage. –Security?

23. Telephony: Smartphones and Beyond Mobile Internet (cont.) Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 22 If WiFi isn’t available devices are available to create mobile hot spot Mi-Fi devices are often available free –Devices connect to the Internet through 3G/4G wireless phone network –Distribute the WiFi signal over 30 feet area –Can support up to 5 devices

24. Smartphone Security Viruses can infect cell/smartphones It is expected that virus attacks will increase Antivirus software for mobile devices –Symantec –McAfee –F-Secure Download only from familiar websites Use a virtual phone number Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 23

25. VoIP VoIP - A fully digital phone service Uses technology similar to e-mail; Security Skype is well-known free provider –Requires callers and receivers to have company’s software installed on computers Vonage –More complicated to set up, not free Major ISPs, like Comcast and Verizon, also provide VoIP phone services as an option you can package with your Internet or cable television plan. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 24

26. Digital Defined All forms of entertainment have migrated to digital domain –Phone systems –TV signals –Music –Films –Sound Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 25

27. Digital Media Entertainment industry has become all- digital Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 26

28. Digital Media Digital Publishing Electronic text (e-text) –Textual information captured digitally so that it can be stored, manipulated, and transmitted by electronic devices E-readers –Display e-text and having supporting tools, like note taking, bookmarks, and integrated dictionaries Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 27

29. Digital Media Digital Publishing (cont.) The basic features of e-readers offer advantages over paper books –Integrated dictionaries –Note taking and highlighting –URL links or links to glossary –Bookmarks are immediately pushed through cloud technology Digital formats for publishing –Amazon uses proprietary format:.azw –Open format: ePub Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 28

30. Digital Media Digital Publishing (cont.) Two popular technologies for representing digital text –Electronic ink: Very crisp, sharp grayscale representation of text –Backlit monitors: Screens illuminate themselves Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 29

31. Digital Media Digital Publishing (cont.) Libraries are lending e-books and audio books Overdrive Media Console –Search to find which area library has the book you want Some publishers are refusing to allow their e-books to be distributed through libraries Lending your own e-books –Barnes and Noble NOOK Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 30

32. Digital Media Digital Publishing (cont.) Project Gutenberg –Source of free reading –Repository site of 38,000 free books –Copyrights have expired Self-publishing –Self-publish into Amazon Kindle Store –Smashwords –Lulu Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 31

33. Digital Media Digital Music Digital music is created by turning sound waves created by instruments into a string of digital information Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 32

34. Digital Media Digital Music (cont.) Sampling rate –Specifies the number of times the analog waves is measured each second –The higher the sampling rate, the more accurately the original wave can be re-created –Higher sampling rate produces bigger files Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 33

35. Digital Media Digital Music (cont.) Digital music file formats –MP3 –AAC –WMA –DivX –MPEG-4 –WMV –Xvid Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 34

36. Digital Media Digital Music (cont.) File formats compete on sound and video quality and compression Number of songs or hours of video devices can hold depends on storage space Another factor includes the quality Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 35

37. Digital Media Digital Music (cont.) When ripping, or converting, a song you can select sampling rate Always limited by the amount of storage of the player Some devices allow you to add storage Subscription plans –Spotify –Rhapsody Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 36

38. Digital Media Digital Music (cont.) High-speed port –Used to move large volumes of data between your computer and music device Cloud services can automatically sync music to mobile device Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 37

39. Digital Media Digital Music (cont.) Listening options –Audio receivers have ports for mobile devices –Networked audio/video receivers –Auxiliary inputs in cars –Home speaker docks Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 38

40. Digital Media Digital Music (cont.) Business models are still evolving to meet audience needs and protect intellectual property rights Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 39

41. Digital Media Digital Music (cont.) Tethered downloads –Pay for music and own it, but are subject to restrictions on its use –DRM-free music Music without any digital rights management DRM is a system of access control that allows only limited use of material that’s been legally purchased Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 40

42. Digital Media Digital Music (cont.) The Internet allows artists to release new songs immediately Radio stations make their stations available through Internet sites Digital music has made distributing your own recordings very simple –ReverbNation Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 41

43. Digital Media Digital Photography Digital cameras capture images on electric sensors and then convert them to digital data Most cameras also record digital video Point-and-shoot vs. digital SLR Digital Photography Review is a site that compares cameras and provides feedback from owners Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 42

44. Digital Media Digital Photography (cont.) Smartphone cameras provide lower resolutions and inferior lenses than standalone cameras Do not provide many features that photographers rely on –Autofocus –Image stabilization algorithms –Smile shutter Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 43

45. Digital Media Digital Photography (cont.) Image quality is determined by many factors –Quality of lenses –File format and compression –Color management software –Resolution – the number of data points it records for each image captured Point-and-shoot offer from 10 MP to 15 MP Digital SLRs use resolutions as high as 24 MP Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 44

46. Digital Media Digital Photography (cont.) Most common formats –Raw uncompressed data (RAW) Records all original image information Larger than compressed files –Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) Either some compression keeping most details or great compression losing some detail Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 45

47. Digital Media Digital Photography (cont.) Transferring files from camera –USB port –Flash card –Wireless network connections –Eye-Fi –Eye-Fi Mobile X2 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 46

48. Digital Media Digital Photography (cont.) Scanners can turn sketches and photos into a digital file –Film negatives and slides –Quality is measured by its resolution –Optical character recognition: Converts pages of handwritten or typed text electronic files that can be opened and edited with Microsoft Word Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 47

49. Digital Media Digital Photography (cont.) Sharing digital photos –Facebook –Picasa –Digital scrapbook site such as Cottagearts.net –Tablets and smartphones –Connect iPad wirelessly to TV Printing digital photos –Photo printer –Photo-printing service Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 48

50. Digital Media Digital Video Digital video surrounds us –TV –The Internet (Google Video, YouTube, Vimeo, Ustream) –Hulu –On-demand streaming video (cable, iTunes, Netflix, Amazon) –Create your own Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 49

51. Digital Media Digital Video (cont.) Video equipment for home use stores in DV format –Cameras don’t require tapes Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 50

52. Digital Media Digital Video (cont.) Digital video-editing software allows you to –Edit digital video –Review clips frame by frame –Reorder segments –Correct color, balance, brightness, or contrast Codec (compression/decompression) –A rule, implemented in either software or hardware, that squeezes the same audio and video information into less space Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 51

53. Digital Media Digital Video (cont.) Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 52

54. Digital Media Digital Video (cont.) Special authoring software –Pinnacle Studio HD –Adobe Encore –Create final discs and have animated menu systems and easy navigation controls Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 53

55. Digital Media Digital Video (cont.) Webcasting –Broadcasting your video live to an audience –Need webcam and a site like justin.tv or ustream.tv –Can display interactive chat next to video feed Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 54

56. Digital Media Digital Video (cont.) HD stands for high definition –Standard of digital tv signal that guarantees a specific level of resolution and a specific aspect ratio Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 55

57. Digital Media Digital Video (cont.) Advantages of watching digital video –Other information services can be integrated with the broadcast –Additional content can be delivered in real time More interactivity will be integrated in broadcasts Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 56

58. Digital Media Digital Video (cont.) DVR –Digital video recorder PVR –Personal video recording software for your computer –SnapStream Slingbox –Device that takes video from your TV and broadcasts it over the Internet Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 57

59. 58 Chapter 8 Summary Questions 1.How is the trend of digital convergence seen in the market? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

60. 59 Chapter 8 Summary Questions 2.What hardware and software comprise a typical smartphone? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

61. 60 Chapter 8 Summary Questions 3.How do I synchronize information between my phone and my computer, and how do mobile Internet data plans work? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

62. 61 Chapter 8 Summary Questions 4.What do I need to keep my smartphone secure? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

63. 62 Chapter 8 Summary Questions 5.How does digital telephony support VoIP services? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

64. 63 Chapter 8 Summary Questions 7.What advantage do digital formats have over analog signals? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

65. 64 Chapter 8 Summary Questions 8.How is the digital format changing the way media is created and distributed? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

66. 65 Chapter 8 Summary Questions 9.How do I work with digital images and video? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

67. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall