1. Environmental Chemistry

2. Soil Most of the Earth is covered by a layer of soil. What is soil made of? 1) Small fragments of ____ 2) Living and dead vegetation 3) _____ 4) Dead ______ Some plants prefer acidic soil and some prefer alkaline soil. To make soil more alkaline ______ _____ can be added. To make it more acidic ___ ____ is used. Words – animals, moss peat, rock, calcium carbonate, water

3. Acid Rain Acid rain damages trees and buildings and can harm wildlife. What causes it? Sulphur dioxide from volcanoes Carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide from power stations Oxides of nitrogen S O O H H O S O O H H O Sulphur dioxide + water sulphurous acid

4. Air pollution As well as acid rain, air can be polluted by dust, pollen, compounds of lead and carbon monoxide. Nearly all of this pollution is man made, so how can we stop it? Ways of reducing pollution Develop more efficient engines Use catalytic converters in cars Use low sulphur petrol “Wash” waste gases to remove dust and particles Use lead-free petrol

5. Global Warming Facts: 1)The 10 warmest years of the last century have all occurred within the last 15 years 2)Sea level has risen by between 12 and 24cm in the last 100 years 3)Rainfall has risen by 1%

6. The Greenhouse Effect 1) Heat and light energy reach us from the sun… 2) …a lot of this heat is reflected off the Earth’s surface… 3) …some of the heat escapes back into space… 4) …while some of it is reflected back to the Earth – this is called The Greenhouse Effect

7. Upsetting the balance Until recently, the environment has maintained a balance in carbon dioxide: Carbon dioxide is produced by respiration… …and used by photosynthesis Unfortunately, this balance is being upset by two main factors: 1)Excessive burning of fossil fuels… …is producing too much carbon dioxide 2)Large scale deforestation… …is slowing down the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere