1. Community-Based Management and Conservation in Africa: Trade-offs and Synergies in Land- Use Decisions in Local Villages by Narcisa Pricope, Andrea Gaughan and Susan Caplow

2. KAZA - vast network of: national parks, game management areas, and conservancies (CBNRM). Legal entity starting March 15 th 2012. ~ 300,000 sq.km: Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Angola. Expressed purposes: improve the cooperative management of shared resources increase the area available for wildlife and plant populations bring economic benefits to the local communities adjacent to protected areas. Kavango-Zambezi Conservation Transfrontier Area (KAZA) http://www.kazapark.com 2

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4. Savannas (Tropical Grasslands) Contain the greatest number of grazing animals on Earth. Location: Found in the tropics Amount of precipitation supports tall grasses but only occasional trees. The word savanna stems from an Amerindian term for plains 4

5. Tropical Savanna Abiotic Factors Rainy and dry season 25-150 in/yr precipitation Fire plays a large role in this ecosystem

6. Whistling Thorn Umbrella Thorn Acacia Tropical Savanna Plant Adaptations Grow in Tufts Resistance to Drought Many plants have thorns and sharp leaves to protect against predation. Kangaroos Paws Baobab 6

7. Adapt for short rainy season—migrate as necessary Limited food leads to vertical feeding Reproduce during rainy season—ensures more young survive Zebras Chacma Baboon Tropical Savanna Animal Adaptations 7

8. Baobab Tree! Botswana 8

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15. Threats to the Tropical Savanna Loxodonta africana Land use and land cover changes Changes in fire management Hunting and poaching Overpopulation Invasive species Global climate change & variability! 15

16. Additional background on KAZA and living with wildlife and drought Part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5NXokdb78A Part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFBRAwk-k6E The case study supporting video, “Living with thirst: People and wildlife in southern Africa’s variable climate,” was screened at the 95th Annual Ecological Society of America (ESA) meeting in 2011. 16

17. 17 Image Credits Except as noted below, all images were created by author Narcisa Pricope. Slide 2 Description: Map of Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area. Source: Derived from a map by Wikimedia Commons User:Lencer, downloaded from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kavango- Zambezi_Transfrontier_Conservation_map_de.png, some names changed to English. Clearance: Used in accordance with CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en). Slide 4 Description: Savanna in Maasai Mara, Kenya. Source: http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestand:Mara-skyline.jpg Clearance: Public domain. Slide 5 Description: Elephants. Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ELEPHANTS.jpg, by Maryam Laura Moazedi. Clearance: Used in accordance with CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en). Slide 6, top left Description: Umbrella thorn acacia. Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Umbrella_thorn_acacia_or_israeli_babool_tree_plant_acacia_tortillis.jpg, Stolz Gary M, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Clearance: Public domain. Slide 6, top right Description: Whistling thorn. Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/19232773@N00/364472558/ by Martin Sharman. Clearance: Used in accordance with CC BY-SA 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/). Slide 6, bottom left Description: Kangaroo paws. Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/14516334@N00/1326929972 by Flickr user aussiegall. Clearance: Used in accordance with CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/). Slide 6, bottom right Description: Baobab tree in Tanzania. Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Afrikanische_Affenbrotbaum_%28Adansonia_digitata%29.jpg by Wikimedia user Haplochromis. Clearance: Used in accordance with CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en).

18. 18 Slide 7, top left Description: Zebras. Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:L15zebras.jpg. Clearance: Public domain. Slide 7, top right Description: Chacma Baboon. Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/27770620@N02/8451790384/ by Donald Macauley. Clearance: Used in accordance with CC BY-SA 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/).