1. Newton’s 3 rd Law: Action - Reaction Newton’s 3 rd law of motion states that if one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object exerts a force of equal strength in the opposite direction on the first object.

2. How do we identify and describe action-reaction force pairs? Identify the two interacting objects and make two statements describing who is pushing on who and in what direction. For example: The bat pushes to the right on the ball. The ball pushes to the left on the bat. The bat acts – the ball re-acts.

3. Whenever one object exerts a force on another object, the other object exerts an equal but opposite force on the first object. The hammer pushes down on the stake. The stake pushes up on the hammer. The hammer acts, the stake re-acts. The forces can’t be added together because each of the two forces in the pair acts on a different object.

4. Whenever one object exerts a force on another object, the other object exerts an equal but opposite force on the first object. The geese's wings push down on air, and the air pushes up on their wings. The air pushed down swirls back up, providing lift to the bird.

11. Identify at least 5 pairs of action-reaction force pairs in the diagram below.

12. The elephant's feet push backward on the ground; the ground pushes forward on its feet. The right end of the right rope pulls leftward on the elephant's body; the elephant’s body pulls rightward on the right end of the right rope. The left end of the right rope pulls rightward on the man; the man pulls leftward on the left end of the right rope. The right end of the left rope pulls leftward on the man; the man pulls rightward on the right end of the left rope.

13. The tractor pulls leftward on the left end of the left rope; the left end of the left rope pulls rightward on the tractor. Tires pushes on the ground, the ground pushes on the tires. Man’s foot pushes on the gas pedal, the pedal pushes on the man’s foot.