1. ROPE WORK

2. 2 Terminology A.The end, or working end, is the part of the rope in which the knot is tied. The unused portion is called the standing part B.A bight is a simple reverse of direction of the rope, in which the two strands do not cross each other C.A loop is a reversal of direction in which the end crosses the standing part D.A turn is a loop that passes around an object, often another portion of the rope

3. 3 Overhand Knot Simplest of knots Jams easily and is difficult to untie Useful as a “back up” knot to another knot to prevent the principle knot from becoming untied To Tie -Form a loop and pass the end through the loop.

4. 4 Reef Knot For tying two thin ropes of equal size together For tying bandages because it –lies flat –will not slip –is easy to undo

5. 5 Reef Knot Begin with an over and under crossing Bring the ends back above in a reverse crossing The completed knot is snugged up by pulling on the ends To undo a reef knot - grasp the standing part and the working end of one rope and pull the two parts apart

6. 6 Other Knots Modified Reef Knot Clove Hitch Prussik Knot Munter Hitch Figure-Eight on a Bight Bowline Double Bowline

7. 7 Care of ropes Store in an opaque, vented covering Stored on a shelf or hook to avoid dampness Do not: –drag through mud or dirt –step on –ski/snowboard over (edges will cut)

8. 8 Dependent Belay System Belayer is tied into part of the system The belayer is tied off to a fixed object, and controls the rate of descend of the toboggan by means of a roped looped around their body “better feel” for what is going on at the other end of the rope May also be placing the belayer in potential danger

9. 9 Dependent Belay System - Downhill

10. 10 Independent Belay System Belayer is not part of the system Can tie off and go for help Belayer is less subject to potential danger

11. 11 Belayer’s Movements