1. Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

2. Warm-Up # 1 CELESTIAL NAVIGATION The action of finding one's way by observing the sun, moon, and stars.

3. Warm-Up # 2 Who is Ptolemy (tol-uh-mee)? Ptolemy was a scientist. He was a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, and astrologer. He wrote a book in the year 150 (1862 years ago!) about the stars. Forty-eight Ptolemic constellations are still recognized today.

4. Warm-Up # 3 – What are the 5 basic steps of the design process? Warm-Up # 4 – What is a constraint?

5. WARM-UP # 3 What are the 5 basic steps of the design process? 1) Identify the Problem 2) Identify the Solution 3) Identify the Constraints 4) Design a Prototype 5) Evaluate the Prototype 6) Revise and Retest

6. Warm-Up # 4 What is a constraint? A restriction A limitation Something that holds your project back Example: “Lack of money has been a major constraint on the building's design.

7. Warm-Up # 5 – What is a prototype? Warm-Up # 6 – What is NASA looking for on Mars since they have discovered evidence of water on Mars? Why? Warm-Ups

8. Warm-Up # 5 – What is a prototype? A prototype is a model built for testing.

9. Warm-Up # 6 – What is NASA looking for since they have discovered evidence of water on Mars? Why? All life, as we know it, requires water to survive. Was there ever life on Mars? NASA wants to find evidence of life on Mars.

10. Warm-Up # 7 – What is JPL? Warm-Up # 8 – Why must robotic spacecraft pave the way for humans to go to Mars?

11. Warm-Up # 7 – What is JPL? The Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It the lead U.S. center for robotic exploration of the solar system.

12. Warm-Up # 8 – Why must robotic spacecraft pave the way for humans to go to Mars? Robotic spacecraft must pave the way for humans to go to Mars because of the difficulty and the number of challenges getting there.

13. Warm-Up # 9 – What are three different types of missions? Warm-Up # 10 – What is Mars atmosphere mostly made up of? What are two other important components?

14. Warm-Up # 9 – What are three different types of missions? Fly-By Mission: A spacecraft passing close enough to a planet or moon to make detailed observations without orbiting or landing. Lander Mission: A spacecraft designed to land on the moon or a planet. Orbiter Mission: A spacecraft that orbits a planet or moon without landing on it.

15. Warm-Up # 10 – What is Mars atmosphere mostly made up of? What are two other important components? The atmosphere of Mars is mostly carbon dioxide, but two other important components are water vapor and dust.

16. Warm-Up # 11 – What is a galaxy? Galaxies are vast groups of stars in space. Warm-Up # 12 – What galaxy is Earth in?? The Milky Way

17. Warm-Up # 13 – How are galaxies classified? Galaxies are classified based on shape. Warm-Up # 14 – How do galaxies appear to the naked eye?? They appear as points of light in the night sky, a lot like stars.

18. Warm-Up # 15 – Put in order from largest to smallest: Earth, EHMS, Universe, Solar System, NJ, Milky Way, the Sun, U.S. Universe, Milky Way, Solar System, the Sun, Earth, U.S., NJ, EHMS Warm-Up # 16 – How many stars are in a galaxy? Around 200 billion stars are in a galaxy.

19. Warm-Up # 17 – How many galaxies are in the universe? Billions Warm-Up # 18 – What force keeps the planets and stars from flying out into space? Gravity

20. # 19 Why does the galaxy appear much brighter at its center? There are more stars in the center of a galaxy. # 20 Do stars move? Stars in a galaxy rotate around its center. IT takes the sun more than 200 million years to revolve around the center of the Milky Way.

21. What are the three shapes that galaxies can be? Spiral Irregular Elliptical WARM-UP #21

22. What have many irregular shaped galaxies been involved in? COLLISION with Another galaxy WARM-UP #22

23. What was the first man made object sent into space??? WARM-UP #23 The first man made object ever sent into space was in 1957 when the Russian satellite named Sputnik was launched.

24. 1)Background radiation. This radiation, a type of energy, is believed to be left over from the actual Big Bang. 2)The expansion of the universe. This means measuring the distance between objects as time goes passes. Warm-Up # 24 What evidence is there for the Big Bang Theory???

25. ABOUT 14 BILLION YEARS Warm-Up # 25 How old is the universe?

26. Why are the spectra of galaxies shifted toward the red end? They show redshift because they are moving away from us. WARM-UP #26

27. What is a quasar? January 31st, 2013 Warm-Up # 27 A quasar is an extremely bright, extremely old, and extremely distant, high-energy source.

28. The Challenges of Getting to Mars Chapter 1 Landing Site Selectionb http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CV1vKNUcYNU Chapter 2 Transporting a Mars Rover http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PXb2sXgZ8uM Chapter 3 Getting a Rover Ready for Launch http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r56EeyOo7cU Chapter 4 Launching a Mars Rover https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CC2RN8LBHRA Chapter 5 The Cruise to Mars https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P8zxdG4Z-38 Landing Day https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OsocLywp7qE