1. Video Tools and Techniques for Educators (Rev. 5): (Including edTPA Video Preparation) 1

2. Warning #1 Before you start editing your videos, (1) make copies of all your clips, (2) put the original “masters” in a safe place, and (3) only edit the copies (and never the originals). Then, even if a mistake or accident does occur, your original videos will still be safe.

3. Warning #2 Each video clip you upload to the edTPA video web site should cover a continuous span of time with absolutely no breaks or insertions anywhere in the video.

4. Warning #3 Be sure to check your work both while you are editing your video(s) and after you have uploaded them to the edTPA video web site. For your particular program of study, check to make sure (1) you have the correct number of clips, (2) your clip(s) are the right length, (3) your clip(s) contain the proper content, (4) your clip(s) are in one of the allowable file formats, and (5) your clip(s) can be properly viewed on both the PC and Mac platforms after they have been uploaded to the edTPA video web site.

5. Things to Check Before You Shoot Your Video(s) Before recording your lesson(s), make a short test recording. Then, play it back to make sure everything is working/set up properly. 5

6. Is the camera battery is sufficiently charged to record for the duration of the lesson(s)? 6

7. Is there sufficient tape/disc space/memory to record the lesson(s)? 7

8. Does the camera have adequate mechanical support to avoid annoying hand-held shake? (Please use a tripod, if possible.) 8

9. Is the camera oriented properly (i.e., landscape vs portrait mode)? 9

10. If you plan to shoot your videos with a smartphone or tablet, be sure to shoot in landscape (rather than portrait) mode to avoid problems with incorrect orientation when the clips are uploaded to the web and viewed by others. Those who use an iPad, iPod, or iPhone to shoot their videos should hold the device so that the Home button is on the right and the Up/Down Volume buttons are facing downward.

11. Is the camera zoomed in/out sufficiently to place all important subjects in the frame (and hide those individuals who do not have permission to be in the video(s))? zoom

12. Are all subjects properly illuminated (neither too dark nor too light)? 12

13. Is the teacher’s voice (as well as the voices of his/her students) loud/clear enough to be readily heard against the background of normal environmental sounds? 13

14. Criteria for the selection of the video tool(s) we will be using The following six criteria were used during the software selection process to help identify the “right tool(s) for the job.” 14

15. The tool(s) must provide basic information about video files that will enable the user to make informed technical decisions. 15

16. The tool(s) must enable the display, cutting, trimming, joining, rotation, conversion, and/or compression of a wide array of video file types encountered by pre- service and practicing educators. 16

17. The tool(s) must be available on both PC and Mac platforms. 17

18. The tool(s) must cost nothing to use (i.e., freeware, public domain software, etc.). 18

19. The tool(s) must be relatively easy to use for persons with a limited technical background. 19

20. The tool(s) must be accessible to visually impaired individuals with low (or no) vision through the use of a keyboard-only interface (i.e., without a mouse). 20

21. Based on the selection criteria, “MPEG Streamclip” is the logical choice for educators seeking a rudimentary video editing tool. It is a powerful, yet easy-to-use, program that opens, displays, converts many different video file types; and offers editing capabilities that include cutting, trimming, and joining of video clips. 21

22. Where to obtain MPEG Streamclip for use on your own PC or Mac Please go to the following URL: http://www.squared5.com/ http://www.squared5.com/ 22

23. 23 For Windows users: Please click on the link entitled MPEG Streamclip for Windows. Then, under the Free download, Windows version heading, click on the downward-pointing arrow to the right of Download MPEG Streamclip 1.2 for Windows to download the latest (stable) version of the program. (Do not download the beta version.) Please carefully follow all instructions on the download page.

24. 24 For Mac OSX users: Please click on the link entitled MPEG Streamclip for Mac. Then, under the Free download, Mac OSX version heading, click on the downward-pointing arrow to the right of Download MPEG Streamclip 1.9.2 for Mac OSX to download the latest (stable) version of the program. (Do not download the beta version.) Please carefully follow all instructions on the download page.

25. Since it would be unrealistic to expect any video editor to be able to open every conceivable video file type, it would be wise to avail ourselves of at least one of the many utilities capable of converting problematic videos into a format that can be readily accessed by MPEG Streamclip. A prime example of such a program is WinFF.

26. Where to obtain WinFF for use on your own PC—(no Mac version available) Please go to the following URL: http://winff.org/html_new/index.html http://winff.org/html_new/index.html 26

27. 27 For Windows users (only): Please click on the Downloads button near the top of the page. Then, under the Microsoft Windows (All Supported Versions) heading, click on the first option listed (i.e., the option whose name begins with WinFF, followed by a version number, and then the phrase Windows Installer (all windows versions)). After the download is complete, double-click on the file to begin the installation process.

28. Everything we see on a computer (or TV) screen is composed of tiny picture elements called “pixels.” 28

29. Whether we’re talking about text or (still or moving) images, they are all comprised of a pattern of pixels (that vary in both color and intensity). 29

30. Each pixel, in turn, is often made up of a series of different colored “sub-pixels” which, when viewed from a distance, determine the overall color of the pixel. 30 Red sub-pixels turned on, and green and blue sub-pixels turned off Blue sub-pixels turned on, and red and green sub-pixels turned off Green sub-pixels turned on, and red and blue sub- pixels turned off

31. “Color depth” is a measure of how many different colors a pixel can have. 31

32. Color depth=2: (a.k.a. “1 bit color”) (0 to 1) Black & White Amber & WhiteGreen & White

33. Color depth=16: (a.k.a. “4 bit color”) (0000 to 1111)

34. Color depth=64: (a.k.a. “6 bit color”) (000000 to 111111)

35. Color depth=256: (a.k.a. 8 bit color”) (00000000 to 11111111)

36. Color depth= 16,777,216: (a.k.a. “24 bit color”) (000000000000000000000000 to 111111111111111111111111) Even if each pixel in this image represented a different color, the total number of pixels would still equal only a small portion of all 16,777,216 colors that are available.

37. Comparing image quality for different color depths 1 bit color—(where each pixel can have 1 of 2 possible colors) 4 bit color—(where each pixel can have 1 of 16 possible colors) 24 bit color—(where each pixel can have 1 of 16,777,216 possible colors) 37

38. “Resolution” tells us how wide and how tall an image is. It can be expressed as follows: Resolution = Width (in pixels) X Height (in pixels) Normally, when expressing resolution, the width and height are not actually multiplied together. Instead, both the width and height are expressed (e.g., 16X16, 640X480, 1920X1080, etc.). However, if we were to actually multiply the width by the height, we would get the total number of pixels in the image.

39. This (magnified) image is 40 pixels wide and 30 pixels tall. We say its resolution is 40x30. (Since 40 X 30 = 1,200, that’s how many pixels are in the image.) 40 pixels wide 30 pixels tall

40. Comparing the relative resolutions of common video sources 40 VCD--(Resolution=352X240) Flip Video F260B digital camcorder--(Resolution=640X480) DVD and older Mini DV camcorders--(Resolution=720X480) iPad 2/iPhone 4/iPod Touch 4 and Flip UltraHD/Flip MinoHD video camera--(Resolution=1280X720) Blu-Ray--(Resolution=1920X1080)

41. “Aspect ratio” is the ratio between the width of an imange and its height. It can be expressed as follows: Aspect ratio = Width (in pixels) ÷ Height (in pixels) Since most computer images are wider than they are tall, aspect ratios greater than 1 are quite common. Aspect ratio may either be expressed as a fraction (e.g., 4/3, 16/9, etc.) or as a ratio (e.g., 1.33:1, 1.78:1, 16:9, etc.).

42. This (magnified) image is 40 pixels wide and 30 pixels tall. We can express its aspect ratio as 40/30 (usually reduced to 4/3) or 1.33:1 (or simply 1.33). 40 pixels wide 30 pixels tall

43. Comparing different aspect ratios Frame from a classic TV show from the 1960s Aspect ratio=1.33:1 (or 4:3) Frame from a modern motion picture from 2009 Aspect ratio=2.40:1 43

44. When a sequence of still images is presented to the eye in rapid succession, the illusion Of motion is produced. 44

45. Since this video has 16 “frames” displayed each second, its “frame rate” is 16fps. 45

46. Some sample frame rates 35mm film-based motion pictures=24 (perhaps 48fps in the future) Old school (analog) TV standards: – NTSC (used in North America and Japan)=29.97fps (often rounded to 30fps) – PAL (used in Western Europe and Australia)=25fps – SECAM (used in Russia and parts of Africa/Middle East)=25fps Modern ATSC (digital) TV standard (used in North America)=24, 30, or 60fps Modern computer video=can vary, but often 30fps in US Video games=30 or 60fps (and sometimes even higher)

47. MPEG Streamclip uses the following timecode notation: 0:00:00,00 HoursSecondsFramesMinutes

48. The higher the quality of video in a video file, the larger its file size will be. Video Quality FRAMERATEFRAMERATE RESOLUTIONRESOLUTION COLORDEPTHCOLORDEPTH File Size 48

49. Less complex audio waveform of a pure tone

50. More complex audio waveform of the spoken word ”noodle”

51. Just as images on a (modern) computer or TV screen can be broken down into tiny “pixels” that can be stored as a string of digits, sound can also be broken down into miniscule samples that can be represented by a number. a 51 Analog Signal Digital Signal

52. “Sampling rate” refers to the number of times (each second) that a sample is taken of an audio signal. The higher the sampling rate, the better the sound quality (and the larger the file size). L INCREASING SAMPLING RATE

53. “Bit depth” refers to the number of bits (binary digits) that are used to represent all possible values of the amplitude (strength) of an audio signal each time a sample is taken. The greater the bit depth, the better the sound quality (and the larger the file size). L INCREASING BIT DEPTH

54. The higher the quality of audio in a video file, the larger its file size will be. L Audio Quality BIT DEPTHBIT DEPTH SAMPLING RATESAMPLING RATE File Size 54

55. Some video file formats employ “compression” to reduce file size while still maintaining high playback quality. Original Video File Compressed File

56. ”Lossless compression” offers a moderate reduction in file size with absolutely no loss of information. Compressed File Original Video File Decompressed Video File Lossless Video Compression Video Decompression

57. Squeezing a sponge to make it smaller is analogous to lossless compression. When released, the sponge reverts back to its original shape and size. 57

58. ”Lossy compression” offers a more substantial reduction in file size, with some loss of information. Compressed File Original Video File Decompressed Video File Lossy Video Compression Video Decompression

59. Using a pair of tweezers to judiciously remove tiny bits and pieces of a sponge in a way that won’t be noticed is analogous to lossy compression. What remains is similar--(but not identical)—to the original sponge. 59

60. Using MPEG Streamclip to Perform Common (edTPA-Related) Video Editing Tasks Depending on what you wish to do, perform the appropriate procedure(s) from the list below: Obtain valuable information about the audio/video components of a video file Delete the unwanted portion(s) of a video Extract just the portion(s) of a video you want to keep Transcode (convert) video files to other formats, compress them to reduce their size, and/or make adjustments to video/audio quality Rotate and/or flip videosRotate and/or flip videos. 60

61. How to obtain information about the video/audio characteristics of a video file Please perform the procedure outlined in the following two steps. 61

62. Step 1 Launch MPEG Streamclip and open the file you wish to investigate by (a) clicking File/Open Files in the Streamclip menu bar, (b) navigating to the file, (c) selecting it with your mouse, and (d) clicking the Open button at the bottom-right of the Open Files window. 62

63. Step 2 Once the clip has opened, click on File in the Streamclip menu bar, and select the Show Stream Info option from the drop-down menu. Now, in the MPEG Streamclip – Stream Info window that appears on your screen, you may view the technical details for the Video Tracks and Audio Tracks within the video file. When done viewing the technical details, the Stream Info window may be closed by clicking on the tiny x button in the upper-right hand corner. 63

64. Exercise 1 (part 1 of 2) 2.Download the (2.0MB) 512 kb MPEG4 version of the video to your desktop. 3.Open the file you just downloaded in MPEG Streamclip. 4.Use Streamclip’s Show Stream Info option to answer the questions on the next slide. 1.Click the image on the right to view the web page containing the video that will be used in this exercise. 64

65. Exercise 1 (part 2 of 2) General Questions: What is the file type (i.e., the format/extension)? What is the duration (i.e., the total playing time)? Video Questions: What is the resolution? What is the aspect ratio? What is the frame rate? Audio Questions: Is the audio mono or stereo? What is the sampling rate? 65

66. How to mark the parts of a video you want to delete, and keep the rest Please perform the procedure outlined in the following six steps. 66

67. Step 1 Launch MPEG Streamclip and open the file you wish to edit by (a) clicking File/Open Files in the Streamclip menu bar, (b) navigating to the file, (c) selecting it with your mouse, and (d) clicking the Open button at the bottom-right of the Open Files window. 67

68. Step 2 Navigate to the beginning of the segment you wish to delete (by simply playing the video, or dragging the play head to the point of interest), and mark that as the ”in“ point (by either pressing the i key on your keyboard, or selecting Edit/Select In from the Streamclip menu bar). 68

69. Step 3 Navigate to the end of the segment you wish to delete (by continuing to play the video, or dragging the play head to the point of interest), and mark that as the “out” point (by either pressing the o key on your keyboard, or selecting Edit/Select Out from the Streamclip menu bar). 69

70. Step 4 Delete the unwanted portion of the video-- (represented by the dark gray segment on the timeline between the in and out points you specified in the previous two steps)--by either pressing ctrl+x on your keyboard, or selecting Edit/Cut from the Streamclip menu bar. 70

71. Step 5 Repeat steps 2-4 if you wish to delete other segments from the video. 71 If you discover that you can not make more than one deletion at a time, click File/Save As to save the video with the (single) deletion you just made in step 4. Then click File/Close (one or more times) to close all open videos, and repeat steps 1-4 on the intermediate video you had just created. Repeat this procedure on each iteration of the video until all desired deletions have been made. Make sure to give each resulting intermediate video file a different name that reflects the current stage you are at in the overall process. Repeat steps 2-4 if you wish to delete other segments from the video.

72. Step 6 When you have finished making all of the desired deletions, you are left with only the portion(s) of the original video you wish to keep. You may either save the remaining portion(s) (by pressing ctrl+s on your keyboard, or File/Save As from the Streamclip menu bar), or use Streamclip's Export functionality to transcode (convert) the finished product into another file format. Remember to give the saved or transcoded file a meaningful name which is different from that of the original video. 72

73. Exercise 2 2.Download the (3.4MB) 512 kb MPEG4 version of the video to your desktop. 3.Open the file you just downloaded in MPEG Streamclip. 4.Use the Cut option to delete the parts of the video that do not actually show an explosion. 5.Use Streamclip’s Save As option to save the five remaining portions of the video (that do show explosions) as a single mp4 file on your desktop. 1.Click the image on the right to view the web page containing the video that will be used in this exercise. 73

74. How to mark the parts of a video you wish to keep, and delete the rest Please perform the procedure outlined in the following six steps. 74

75. Step 1 Launch MPEG Streamclip and open the file you wish to edit by (a) clicking File/Open Files in the Streamclip menu bar, (b) navigating to the file, (c) selecting it with your mouse, and (d) clicking the Open button at the bottom-right of the Open Files window. 75

76. Step 2 Navigate to the beginning of the segment you wish to keep (by simply playing the video, or dragging the play head to the point of interest), and mark that as the “in” point (by either pressing the i key on your keyboard, or selecting Edit/Select In from the Streamclip menu bar). 76

77. Step 3 Navigate to the end of the segment you wish to keep (by continuing to play the video, or dragging the play head to the point of interest), and mark that as the “out” point (by either pressing the o key on your keyboard, or selecting Edit/Select Out from the Streamclip menu bar). 77

78. Step 4 Extract the desired portion of the video--(represented by the dark gray segment on the timeline between the in and out points you specified in the previous two steps)--by either pressing ctrl+t on your keyboard, or selecting Edit/Trim from the Streamclip menu bar. 78

79. Step 5 When you have finished with the trimming process, you are left with only the portion of the original video you wish to keep. You may either save the desired portion (by pressing ctrl+s on your keyboard, or selecting File/Save As from the Streamclip menu bar), or use Streamclip's Export functionality to transcode (convert) the finished product into another file format. Remember to give the saved or transcoded file a meaningful name which is different from that of the original video. 79

80. Step 6 Repeat steps 2-5 if you wish to extract other segments from the video; remembering to save each extracted segment as a separate file (just as you did in step 5). 80

81. Exercise 3 2.Download the (1.8 MB) 512 kb MPEG4 version of the video to your desktop. 3.Open the file you just downloaded in MPEG Streamclip. 4.Use the Trim option to extract only the portion of the video that shows the moon actually traversing the disk of the sun. 5.Use Streamclip’s Save As option to save the extracted portion of the video as a single MP4 file on your desktop. 1.Click the image on the right to view the web page containing the video that will be used in this exercise. 81

82. How to convert video files into other formats (such as mp4) and/or make adjustments to their quality/file size Please perform the procedure outlined in the following five steps. 82

83. Step 1 Launch MPEG Streamclip and open the file you wish to convert (or adjust) by (a) clicking File/Open Files in the Streamclip menu bar, (b) navigating to the file of interest, (c) selecting it with your mouse, and (d) clicking the Open button at the bottom-right of the Open Files window. 83

84. Step 2 Once the clip has opened, click on File in the Streamclip menu bar, and select from one of the available Export to … options in the drop-down menu. (Because of near universal support of the mp4 file format among different operating systems, we will select Export to MPEG-4 in this example. The procedure is basically the same, however, for any of the Export to… options that are provided.) 84

85. Step 3 Make any desired changes to the settings in the MPEG Streamclip – MPEG-4 Exporter window. For example, if video quality is more important than file size, you might want to drag the Quality slider all the way to the right (i.e., 100%). Conversely, if file size needs to be reduced, experiment by dragging the Quality slider to the left until an acceptable balance is achieved between file size and video quality. When done making adjustments, click the Make MP4 button at the bottom-right to close the Exporter window. 85

86. Step 4 In the Create New MP4 File window that now appears on your screen, navigate to the location where you would like to save the converted (or adjusted) file and provide an appropriate name in the File name field. (Remember to give the file a meaningful name which is different from that of the original video.) Finally, double-check to ensure that MP4 files (*.mp4) (or whatever format you are converting to) appears in the Save as type field before clicking the Save button near the bottom-right of the window. 86

87. Step 5 You now see the MPEG Streamclip – Exporter Preview window (where the converted (or adjusted) video is displayed), and the MPEG Streamclip window (where the progress of the conversion/adjustment process is depicted). When conversion is complete, both of these windows close automatically, and the newly-created video file is ready to use. 87

88. Exercise 4 2.Download the (5.6MB) Quicktime version of the video to your desktop). 3.Open the file you just downloaded in MPEG Streamclip. 4.Use the Export to MPEG-4 option to convert the (mov) file you downloaded to the mp4 format, and save the converted file to your desktop. 1.Click the image on the right to view the web page containing the video that will be used in this exercise. 88

89. How to rotate videos in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction by 90° or 180° Please perform the procedure outlined in the following five steps. 89

90. Step 1 Launch MPEG Streamclip and open the file you wish to rotate by (a) clicking File/Open Files in the Streamclip menu bar, (b) navigating to the file of interest, (c) selecting it with your mouse, and (d) clicking the Open button at the bottom-right of the Open Files window. 90

91. Step 2 Once the clip has opened, click on File in the Streamclip menu bar, and select from one of the available Export to … options in the drop-down menu. If you simply want to rotate the video, and do not want to convert it to another format, select the Export to … option that matches the file type of the original video (i.e., use Export to MPEG-4 for mp4 files, etc.). (For this example, we will assume you have selected Export to MPEG-4. The procedure for any of the other Export to… options is basically the same.) 91

92. Step 3 About three-quarters of the way down the Exporter window you will find the Rotation pull-down menu. Click the downward-pointing arrow next to the default option of No, and select the particular type of rotation you would like to apply to your video. (See next slide for rotation options.) In most cases 90° CW or 90° CCW will achieve the desired results. When done making adjustments to video Rotation, and any other file parameters (such as Quality), click the Make MP4 button at the bottom-right to close the Exporter window. 92

93. Rotation options 93 Rotated 90° CCW and Flipped Rotated 180° and Flipped Rotated 90° CW and Flipped Original Rotated 90° CWRotated 180°Rotated 90° CCW

94. Step 4 In the Create New MP4 File window that now appears on your screen, navigate to the location where you would like to save the (newly rotated) file and provide an appropriate name in the File name field. (Remember to give the file a meaningful name which is different from that of the original video.) Finally, double-check to ensure that MP4 files (*.mp4) (or whatever format you are using) appears in the Save as type field before clicking the Save button near the bottom-right of the window. 94

95. Step 5 You now see the MPEG Streamclip – Exporter Preview window (where the rotated video is displayed), and the MPEG Streamclip window (where the progress of the rotation process is depicted). When video rotation is complete, both of these windows close automatically, and the newly-created video file is ready to use. 95

96. Exercise 5 2.Download the (6.6MB) 512kb MPEG4 version of the video to your desktop. 3.Open the file you just downloaded in MPEG Streamclip. 4.Use the Rotation function for the Export to MPEG-4 option to generate a video (in the mp4 format) that is rotated 90° clockwise with respect to the original, and save the file to your desktop. 1.Click the image on the right to view the web page containing the video that will be used in this exercise. 96

97. Other Common (Non-edTPA) Video-Related Tasks Depending on what you wish to do, perform the appropriate procedure(s) from the list below: Use MPEG Streamclip to join video clips together Use MPEG Streamclip to extract a single frame (still image) from a video Use WinFF to transcode (convert) video files into a format that can be opened by MPEG Streamclip Embed video files in PowerPoint 2010 slides Embed links to YouTube videos in PowerPoint 2010 slides 97

98. How to join video clips together Please perform the procedure outlined in the following ten steps. 98

99. Step 1 Launch MPEG Streamclip and open one of the video files you wish to join together by (a) clicking File/Open Files in the Streamclip menu bar, (b) navigating to the file, (c) selecting it with your mouse, and (d) clicking the Open button at the bottom-right of the Open Files window. 99

100. Step 2 Select the entire clip you opened in step 1 by either pressing the ctrl+a keys on your keyboard, or selecting Edit/Select All from the Streamclip menu bar. 100

101. Step 3 Copy the clip you just selected in step 2 to the clipboard by either pressing the ctrl+c keys on your keyboard, or selecting Edit/Copy from the Streamclip menu bar. 101

102. Step 4 Close the clip you had just copied to the clipboard by either pressing the ctrl+w keys on your keyboard, or selecting File/Close from the Streamclip menu bar. Do not, however, exit MPEG Streamclip at this time. 102

103. Step 5 Open one of the other video files you wish to join together by (a) clicking File/Open Files in the Streamclip menu bar, (b) navigating to the file, (c) selecting it with your mouse, and (d) clicking the Open button at the bottom-right of the Open Files window. 103

104. Step 6 Navigate to the point in the video you just opened (in step 5) where you want to insert the clip that was copied to the clipboard (in step 3) by either playing the video, or dragging the play head to the desired location. 104

105. Step 7 To paste the clip from the clipboard into the insertion point you specified in step 6, either press the ctrl+v keys on your keyboard, or select Edit/Paste from the Streamclip menu bar. 105

106. Step 8 Play the resulting combination of clips to make sure everything looks OK, and save it (by either pressing the ctrl+s keys on your keyboard, or selecting File/Save As from the Streamclip menu bar). Remember to give the file a meaningful name which is different from that of the original video. 106

107. Step 9 If you wish to merge one or more additional clips into the (composite) video file you just created in steps 1-8, perform the following two-step procedure for each new clip you wish to add: (1) Open the (new) clip you wish to insert, copy it to the clipboard, and then close it (just as you did in steps 1-4). (2) Next, navigate to the point in the (still open) composite video file where you want to insert the (new) clip from the clipboard, and paste the new clip into the composite file (in the same way you did in steps 6-7).

108. Step 10 When done adding clips to the composite video file, don’t forget to save the final compilation (using the same procedure you followed in step 8). 108

109. Exercise 6 (part 1 of 2) 2.Download the 512 kb MPEG4 versions of both Part 1 (65.4 MB) and Part 2 (62.1 MB) of the 1960 Kennedy-Nixon presidential debate to your desktop. 3.Open Part 1 in MPEG Streamclip, and use either the Cut or Trim options to extract Kennedy’s statements on education—(see next slide for in and out times). Save his statements to an MP4 file on your desktop. 1.Click the images on the right to view the web pages containing the (two) videos that will be used in this exercise. 109

110. Exercise 6 (part 2 of 2) Part 1: In = 0:03:08,11 Out = 0:03:27,06 Part 2: In = 0:12:04,12 Out = 0:12:31,03 110 4.Repeat the procedure in step 3 for Part 2 of the debate. 5.Merge the two clips you created in steps 3 and 4 (above) into a single MP4 file with the remarks from Part 1 first, followed by the remarks from Part 2, and save this file to your desktop.

111. How to create a still image from a frame in a video file Please perform the procedure outlined in the following five steps. 111

112. Step 1 Launch MPEG Streamclip and open the file containing the frame you wish to save by (a) clicking File/Open Files in the Streamclip menu bar, (b) navigating to the file, (c) selecting it with your mouse, and (d) clicking the Open button at the bottom-right of the Open Files window. 112

113. Step 2 Navigate to the frame of interest by either playing the video or clicking-and-dragging on the play head. 113

114. Step 3 Click the File option in the Streamclip menu bar, and then select Export Frame from the drop-down menu. 114

115. Step 4 Make any desired changes to the settings in the MPEG Streamclip - Frame Exporter window (e.g., setting the Format option to JPEG, and dragging the Quality slider all the way to the right), and then click the OK button at the bottom-right of the window. 115

116. Step 5 In the Create New JPG File window that now appears on your screen, navigate to the location where you would like to save the selected frame and provide an appropriate name in the File name field. (Remember to give the file a meaningful name that is different from that of the original video.) Finally, double-check to ensure that JPG files (*.jpg) appears in the Save as type field before clicking the Save button near the bottom-right of the window. 116

117. Exercise 7 2.Download the (542.6KB) 512Kb MPEG4 version of the video to your desktop. 3.Open the file you just downloaded in MPEG Streamclip. 4.Navigate to the frame that you believe to be the best example of a lightning bolt, and use Streamclip’s Export Frame option to save it to your desktop as a JPEG image. 1.Click the image on the right to view the web page containing the video that will be used in this exercise. 117

118. How to use WinFF to convert video files into formats that are suitable for editing in Streamclip (and other programs) Please perform the procedure outlined in the following six steps. 118

119. Step 1 Launch WinFF and open the file(s) you wish to convert by (a) clicking the Add button near the top-left of the WinFF program window, (b) navigating to the file(s) of interest, (c) selecting them with your mouse, and (d) clicking the Open button at the bottom-right of the Select Video Files window. 119 To select multiple files, click on the first clip of interest, and hold down the Control key while clicking on any additional files you wish to convert.

120. Step 2 Below the list of file names that were just selected in step 1, open the pull-down menu under the Convert to heading and choose the file format you wish to convert to. (Because MPEG Streamclip and many other modern video editors can readily open files in the mp4 format, we will select the MPEG-4 option in this example. The procedure is basically the same, however, for any of the file formats listed under the Convert to heading.) 120

121. Step 3 In the same way you selected the desired output file format in Step 2, choose one of the premade templates from the pull-down menu under the Presets heading further down the WinFF program window. (For this example, we will select the MPEG-4 H.264 video (super high quality) option.) 121 If you are unsure which preset to choose, try experimenting until you find the best balance between quality and file size. If a preset is not specifically labeled as Fullscreen or Widescreen, it should work equally well with videos of either type.

122. Step 4 Click the button with the three periods (i.e., …) located below the Output Folder heading, and near the bottom-right of the WinFF program window. Browse to the location where you wish to save the file(s) created by the conversion process, and select it with your mouse. Then, close the Browse For Folder window, by clicking the OK button at the bottom. 122 Important Warning: If you are converting a file in a particular format to one of the same format with different Preset parameters (e.g., converting mov to mov), do not save the resulting file in the same location as the original file. Doing so will overwrite/corrupt the original file and make it unsuitable for future use.

123. Step 5 Begin the conversion process by clicking the Convert button near the top-center of the WinFF program window. You can follow the progress of the conversion process by viewing the detailed summary in the black Converting window that now appears on your screen. 123

124. Step 6 When the conversion process is complete, you should see no new activity in the black Converting window, and the instructions to Press any key to continue should appear near the bottom. Comply by pressing the Enter key on your keyboard. The black Converting window should now close, thereby signaling the end of the procedure. 124

125. Exercise 8 (part 1 of 2) 2.Download the (627.2KB) Ogg Video version of the video to your desktop). 3.Open the file you just downloaded in WinFF. 4.Use the pull-dowm menu under the Convert to heading to select the DV (i.e., “Digital Video”) format. 1.Click the image on the right to view the web page containing the video that will be used in this exercise. 125

126. Exercise 8 (part 2 of 2) 5.In a like manner, open the pull-down menu under the Preset heading and select the Raw DV for NTSC Fullscreen preset. 6.Select Desktop as the Output Folder location. 7. Click the Convert button at the top of WinFF to convert the (ogv) file you downloaded to the dv format. 126

127. How to Embed Video Files in PowerPoint 2010 Presentations Please perform the procedure outlined in the following six steps. 127

128. Step 1 Launch PowerPoint 2010 and navigate to the slide where you would like to insert the video file. Then, click on an empty spot within the general area on the slide where you want the video to be displayed. 128

129. Step 2 Click on the Insert tab in the PowerPoint ribbon at the top of your screen, followed by the downward-pointing arrow at the bottom of the Video button in the Media group off to the right. In the drop-down menu that opens below the Video button, select (by clicking) the Video from File option. 129

130. Step 3 In the Insert Video window that now opens, navigate to the video file you wish to insert, and click on it to select it. Then, click the Insert button (below, and to the right) to insert the video and close the window. 130 For PowerPoint 2011 for Mac OSX (with Quicktime installed), the supported video file formats include:.avi,.dv,.flc,.mov,.mp4,.mpeg,.mpg,.qt, and.wmv. For PowerPoint 2010 for windows (with Quicktime installed), the supported video file formats include:.asf,.avi,.mov,.mp4,.mpeg,.mpg,.qt,.swf, and.wmv.

131. Step 4 After a few seconds, you should see a window (with a still frame from the video) appear in the PowerPoint slide. If desired, you can move the window around the slide by clicking-and- dragging anywhere within the window (where you have a diamond shaped mouse pointer), or resize the window by clicking-and-dragging on one of its four corner handles (where your mouse pointer changes to a double arrow). 131

132. Step 5 If you wish to make changes to the appearance or playback behavior of the video, click once on the video itself, and then on either the Format or Playback tabs at the top of the ribbon. (Clicking on the Corrections button in the Adjust group under the Format tab, for example, enables you to adjust the Brightness and Contrast of the video, while clicking on the Volume and Trim Video buttons in the Editing and Video Options groups (respectively) under the Playback tab gives you control over playback volume and in/out playback times.) 132

133. Step 6 If you wish to insert additional videos into other slides of your presentation, navigate to the appropriate slide(s) and repeat steps 1-5. When you have finished, don’t forget to save the PowerPoint presentation. 133

134. Exercise 9 (part 1 of 2) 2.Download the (11.6MB) MPEG4 version of the video to your desktop. 3.Use PowerPoint’s Insert Video from File option to embed the video file from steps 1 and 2 into the next slide of this PowerPoint presentation. Video playback should have the following characteristics: a.Playback is fullscreen. b.Playback begins at 1 minute and 8 seconds into the clip, and runs to the end. 1.Click the image on the right to view the web page containing the video that will be used in this exercise. 134

135. Exercise 9 (part 2 of 2) 135 4.Be sure to save the presentation when you have finished. Embed the video for Exercise 9 anywhere inside the (highlighted) rectangular area at the bottom of this slide. (Remember to configure fullscreen playback.)

136. How to Embed Links to YouTube Videos in PowerPoint 2010 Presentations Please perform the procedure outlined in the following ten steps. 136

137. Step 1 Launch your web browser and go to http://www.youtube.com. Then, find the video of interest, and click on either the thumbnail image or the clip’s title to start playing the clip. http://www.youtube.com 137

138. Step 2 Click the Share button below the video playback window, and then click the Embed button (that is off to the right and down a bit). 138

139. Step 3 Immediately below the highlighted embed code that now appears on your screen, make sure to check the box to the left of the Use old embed code option. 139

140. Step 4 With the embed code still highlighted, copy it to the Windows/Mac clipboard by pressing ctrl+c on your keyboard. 140

141. Step 5 Launch PowerPoint 2010 and navigate to the slide where you would like to insert the YouTube video. Then, click on an empty spot within the general area on the slide where you want the video to be displayed. 141

142. Step 6 Click on the Insert tab in the PowerPoint ribbon at the top of your screen, followed by the downward-pointing arrow at the bottom of the Video button in the Media group off to the right. In the drop-down menu that opens below the Video button, select (by clicking) the Video from Web Site option. 142

143. Step 7 In the Insert Video from Web Site window that now opens, you should see the mouse cursor flashing in the upper-left corner of the large empty rectangular box. Press ctrl+v on your keyboard to paste the embed code from YouTube (which you had copied to the clipboard in step 4) into this box. Then, click the Insert button (below, and to the right) to insert the link to the video and close the window. 143

144. Step 8 You should now see a window (with a still frame from the YouTube video) appear in the PowerPoint slide. If desired, you can move the window around the slide by clicking-and-dragging anywhere within the window (where you have a diamond shaped mouse pointer), or resize the window by clicking-and-dragging on one of its four corner handles (where your mouse pointer changes to a double arrow). 144

145. Step 9 (optional) If desired, you can modify the embed code you pasted into the Insert Video from Web Site window in Step 7 to control various aspects of video playback. In the examples that follow, please be very careful to insert the new code “snippets” into the correct location within the original embed code, and take care to type the snippets in correctly (exactly as they appear in the following examples). 145

146. (Raw) embed code for a YouTube video before we attempt to modify it 146

147. Click to play video 147

148. Embed code to enable closed captioning (when abailable) &cc_load_policy=1 148

149. Click to play video 149

150. Embed code to begin playback after xx seconds—(in this case, 25 seconds)& &start=xx 150

151. Click to play video 151

152. Embed code to disable related videos &rel=0 152

153. Click to play video 153

154. Embed code to enable autoplayback &autoplay=1 154

155. There is no need to click to play the video if the correct code snippet was entered into the proper place within the embed code for this slide. 155

156. Step 10 If you wish to insert links to additional YouTube videos into other slides of your presentation, navigate to the appropriate slide(s) and repeat steps 1-9. When you have finished, don’t forget to save the PowerPoint presentation. 156

157. Exercise 10 2.Copy the embed code for the above-mentioned YouTube video to the Windows/Mac clipboard. 3.Use PowerPoint’s Insert Video from Web Site option to embed a link to the video from steps 1 and 2 into the next slide of this PowerPoint presentation. Video playback should have the following characteristics: a.Closed captioning is turned on. b.Video begins playback at 9 minutes and 34 seconds into the clip. 4.Be sure to save the presentation when you have finished. 1.Click the image on the right to view the web page containing the video that will be used in this exercise. 157

158. insert the embed code for the video in Exercise 10 so that the video is displayed anywhere inside the (highlighted) rectangular area at the bottom of this slide. 158

159. The End B. F. (2/3/15) 159 Thanks to Wikipedia; Wikimedia Commons; and Microsoft Clip Art, Photos, and Animations for providing many of the images used in this presentation. Also, thanks to the Moving Image Archive at Archive.org for providing the videos that served as “raw material” for editing in Exercises 1 through 8 and for video file linking in Exercise 9. Finally, thanks to YouTube for providing the video that was used for online video linking in Exercise 10.WikipediaWikimedia CommonsMicrosoft Clip Art, Photos, and Animations Moving Image Archive Archive.orgYouTube