1. China Reunites
Chapter 12, Section 1, page 408

2. Rebuilding China’s Empire – page 409

3. Rebuilding China’s Empire – page 409
Han Dynasty ended A.D. 220
about 300 years of warlords
Sui Dynasty – reunited China under one emperor in A.D. 581
Wendi general and emperor who founded the Sui Dynasty
Yangdi – Grand Canal → helped economy – an organized way in which people produce sell and buy things (rebellion)

4. The Tang Dynasty – page 411
Tang Dynasty – in power from A.D. 618 to A.D. 907
“period of brilliance”
Changan – capital
heavy reforms – civil service exams, land reforms
Empress Wu – the only woman in Chinese history to rule a country on her own

5. The Song Dynasty – page 411
Song Dynasty – ruled from A.D. 960 to A.D. 1279
great period of cultural achievement and prosperity
Reformed civil service examination

6. The Song Dynasty – page 411

7. Buddhism Spreads to China – page 413
harsh times → people looking for relief from suffering
Buddhism takes root with Tang support
Later, the Tang returned to ideas of Confucius to reduce the popularity of Buddhism in China.
connections to the family (Buddhist monks not allowed to marry)

8. New Confucian Ideas – page 414
neo-Confucianism
this life just as important as the next
criticized Buddhism but actually picked up some Buddhist and Daoist beliefs
crosses the line between an ethical belief system and a religion

9. Scholar-Officials – page 414
civil service exams = a bureaucracy based on a merit system
fair?
Students preparing for civil service examinations in China never did physical work.
harsh study habits

11. Chinese Society
Chapter 12, Section 2, page 416

13. A Growing Economy – page 417
Tang provided stability = advancement in agriculture
farming improvements
irrigation improvements
improved kinds of rice
roads and waterways = trade growth
trade items
silk
porcelain – a material made of of clay and baked at high temperatures
tea
paper
steel
population boom

14. New Inventions – page 418 coal and steel printing
iron + coal = steel (Tang dynasty)
steel used in weapons, stoves, farming equipment, drills, steel chains, nails, and sewing needles
printing
A.D. 600s – early attempts
Pi Sheng – invented movable type for printing
Diamond Sutra first printed book

15. Other Chinese Inventions – page 420
gunpowder
fire lance
rudders
sails
compass
and much, much more

16. Art and Literature – page 420
Chinese literature during the Tang dynasty often celebrated nature.
Li Bo popular poet during the Tang dynasty.
Duo Fu – poet who wrote about the suffering of the common people
painting in the Song dynasty
landscapes with open spaces
portrayal of ideas
calligraphy – art of writing characters beautifully

17. Chapter 12, Section 2 Questions
Write the following questions and them answer them.
What products were traded along the Silk Road?
What product helped the Chinese improve weapons, farm equipment, and much more?
What did Tang poetry often focus on?
Which of the inventions mentioned in this chapter do you think is most important? Why?

18. The Mongols in China
Chapter 12, Section 3, page 423

19. Objectives After this lesson, students will be able to:
describe how Genghis Khan built the Mongol Empire, which stretched from the Pacific Ocean to the Caspian Sea.
discuss how the Mongols conquered China and created a new dynasty that traded with the rest of China.

20. The Mongols – page 424 Mongols
steppes – the wide rolling grassy plains found in Asia
nomadic herders of sheep, goats, cattle, horses
tribes – groups of families loosely joined together

21. The Mongols – page 424
The Mongols were known for their ability to ride horses and wage war.
harsh surroundings
nomadic lifestyle
tribal warfare
experts with the bow
Photo: A Mongol warrior. Available from:

22. Who Was Genghis Khan? – page 425
Temujin – rough childhood
united Mongols and conquered vast amounts of territory
A.D – named Genghis Khan which means “strong ruler”
military innovations
leaders chosen for their abilities
different way of waging war (terror – violence meant to scare people into surrendering)
died 1227

23. The Mongol Empire – page 426
The Mongol Empire was the largest continuous land empire in history.
empire divided among his four sons
expansion continued
Pax Mongolica
spread of ideas
trade – Silk Road revived

24. The Mongol Empire – page 426

25. Mongol Rule in China – page 428
Kublai Khan
grandson of Genghis Khan
founded the Yuan dynasty (lasted about 100 years) in China
challenges
Mongol language and laws different
Chinese resentment of outside rule (dominated by Mongol leaders)
Marco Polo – famous European traveler to China
Photo: Kublai Khan. Available from: Discovery Education

27. The Ming Dynasty
Chapter 12, Section 4, page 430

28. Objectives After this lesson, students should be able to:
explain how Ming rulers strengthened China’s government and established peace.
describe how China sent fleets of ships to other parts of Asia as well as to East Africa.

29. The Rise of the Ming – page 431
Yuan dynasty declined
Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming dynasty
took name Hong Wu
cruel and distrustful
son, Yong Le
moved capital to Beijing
had Forbidden City built

30. How Did the Ming Reform China? – page 432
restored the civil service exam
census – a count of the number of people; taken to accurately collect taxes
reforestation
paved roads
rebuilt infrastructure
advances in agriculture

31. Chinese Culture – page 432
novels – long fictional stories
drama

32. China Explores the World – page 433
Zheng He – a voyager during the Ming Dynasty
traveled to India, Southwest Asia, and as far as East Africa
trade flourished
Confucian conflicts → suspension of travels and closing of China off from the rest of the world
one exception Portugal made contact with China in 1514
missionaries – Jesuits
exchange of ideas – clocks, scientific instruments, eyeglasses

33. Why Did the Ming Fall? – page
corruption rampant
Ming dynasty fell in 1644 to the Manchu dynasty