1. RAMADDA for Big Climate Data Don Murray NOAA/ESRL/PSD and CU-CIRES Boulder/Denver Big Data Meetup - June 18, 2014

2. Outline The Problem Space The Data Space The RAMADDA Solution How should we deal with complex calculations? Boulder/Denver Big Data Meetup - June 18, 2014

3. The Problem Space Climate Attribution –What caused the 2013 Colorado flood? –What is causing the California drought? –Has global warming stopped? What do the observations say? Can climate models give us insight into the statistical nature of these events? Boulder/Denver Big Data Meetup - June 18, 2014

4. The Data Space Observations –National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) collects data from worldwide observing sites Temperature (30-40K stations), Precipitation (75K stations), 1901-present, 90K files Problem: Different stations have different recording periods and gaps in the record Reanalyses –Model reconstructions from observations. –Help fill in the gaps – but are not observations Boulder/Denver Big Data Meetup - June 18, 2014

5. The Data Space Climate model simulations –Climate models are used to test the impact of external forcing on the atmosphere (experiments) Greenhouse gases, sea surface temperature, arctic sea ice –Multiple runs using the same inputs with slight perturbations of the initial conditions Ensembles provide useful statistics (mean, variance) –Multiple models using the same experiment Ensemble of ensembles Boulder/Denver Big Data Meetup - June 18, 2014

6. The Data Space PSD Climate Model Output –Experiments are run over a period of time (e.g. 1979-present, 1880-present) –Global models at.75 to 1.25 degree resolution 27 levels 55-115K points/parameter/level/time step/ensemble Problem: Different domains (-180 to 180, 0 to 360) –Model’s internal calculations vary (5 mins to hours) Output data for each 6 hour time step (0, 06, 12, 18) Post processing produces daily and monthly averages –Output format is netCDF (in an ideal world) Boulder/Denver Big Data Meetup - June 18, 2014

7. The Data Space Ensemble size from 10 to 50 members –Even larger in other cases Multiple parameters calculated –Temperature, precipitation, wind, humidity, etc. –Problem: Each model has different variable names and units Each experiment can take weeks to months to complete on a supercomputer. Boulder/Denver Big Data Meetup - June 18, 2014

8. The Data Space At NOAA/ESRL/P SD we run multiple models with multiple ensembles for multiple experiments Need to provide web- based access and analysis capabilities Boulder/Denver Big Data Meetup - June 18, 2014

9. The Data Problem 1 model, 20 ensembles, 34 years: ~10 TB data, 14K files, multiple parameters/file Post processing –Separate by parameter –Daily/monthly averages, merge files –Convert to common names/units End result for 1 model/experiment –Monthly data: ~.5 TB, 700 files –Daily data: ~7.5 TB, 13.5K files Times 2 models x 6 experiments Boulder/Denver Big Data Meetup - June 18, 2014

10. The RAMADDA Solution NOAA’s Facility for Climate Assessments (FACTS) –Web based access to climate model runs and reanalyses –Provides on-line analysis –Download raw data PSD Climate Data Repository –Access other data holdings –Publishing platform for visualization bundles, images and climate assessments Boulder/Denver Big Data Meetup - June 18, 2014

11. The RAMADDA Solution Ingest the metadata –Use harvester for automatic metadata ingestion –For some datasets, use Entry XML specification Organize the data –Use collections to partition the data (monthly vs. daily) –Database searches make finding the data easy Data Processing Framework –Loosely based on Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Processing Service (WPS) –Fairly simple calculations – areal/temporal subsetting/averaging –Use community accepted tools for analysis and plotting (Climate Data Operators, NCAR Command Language) Other tools could be plugged in (e.g., R) –Currently synchronous, looking at batch processing Boulder/Denver Big Data Meetup - June 18, 2014

12. The RAMADDA Solution Demo/Examples Boulder/Denver Big Data Meetup - June 18, 2014

13. Complex calculations Question: How are extremes behaving during the hiatus? –Look at 27 standard extreme indices (e.g., frost free days, number of days that max temp exceeds the 90 th percentile, etc.) Finding 99 th percentile precipitation in the ensemble space requires reading all members for all times for all points. 5 models/> 100 ensembles/multiple experiments = Big Data Boulder/Denver Big Data Meetup - June 18, 2014

14. Complex calculations Tools used now –FORTRAN, R, Python Data has to be looked at as a cohesive unit for statistical calculations, but may be in many files. Problems –getting all the data into memory –System reliability Could standard Big Data processes be applied? Boulder/Denver Big Data Meetup - June 18, 2014

15. Links NOAA/ESRL/PSD Climate Data Repository –http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/repositoryhttp://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/repository Facility for Climate Assessments (FACTS) –http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/repository/alias/f actshttp://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/repository/alias/f acts RAMADDA –http://ramadda.orghttp://ramadda.org Boulder/Denver Big Data Meetup - June 18, 2014