1. GEO ADC meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008 Slide # 1 DA-07-03 DA-07-03 Virtual Constellations Ivan Petiteville, ESA / CEOS GEO ADC Meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008

2. GEO ADC meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008 Slide # 2 Task Description Development of Virtual Constellations within CEOS framework in consultation with User Communities Objectives: –Improve the temporal, spatial and spectral coverage & resolution as well as data management and dissemination –Satisfy the requirements and objectives of the GEO SBAs

3. GEO ADC meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008 Slide # 3 4 Current CEOS Constellations Precipitation, to strengthen international cooperation on space- based observations of precipitation, including realisation of the GPM mission and providing guidance to new; Land-Surface Imaging, to ensure the relevant synergy with High Resolution Multispectral Imager Continuity; Ocean Surface Topography, to ensure continuity of Sea Level measurement in accordance with GCOS requirements; Atmospheric Chemistry, to address many of the needs for atmospheric observations of the climate community; All 4 constellations reported significant progress since 2007 CEOS Plenary (Nov. 07)

4. GEO ADC meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008 Slide # 4 Most Recent Development Virtual Constellations Process Paper –CEOS Agencies have endorsed the document that rule the acceptance & development of any new constellation Two new constellations accepted at SIT-22 (sep. 08) –Ocean Color Radiometry and Ocean Surface Wind Vectors

5. GEO ADC meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008 Slide # 5 Ocean Color Radiance (OCR) Virtual Constellation Image from ESA’s GlobColour Project James Yoder, IOCCG

6. GEO ADC meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008 Slide # 6 What is the Mission of the OCR-VC ? OCR will provide long time series of calibrated ocean color radiance (OCR) at key wavelength bands from measurements obtained from multiple satellites. OCR activities will include calibration, validation, merging of satellite and in situ data, product generation, as well as development and demonstrations of new and improved applications. NASA’s SIMBIOS, ESA’s GlobColour, POGO-GEO- GOOS’s ChloroGIN and CSA/GEO SAFARI projects are examples and prototypes of programs the OCR will require to meet its objectives.

7. GEO ADC meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008 Slide # 7 Products Derived from OCR Data products currently derived from OCR are phytoplankton chlorophyll a, primary production, colored organic matter (COM), particulate carbon, and suspended sediment. OCR data products are the only measurements related to biological and biogeochemical processes in the ocean that can be routinely obtained at ocean basin and global ocean scales. Trends in Chlorophyll (1997-2003) (from Gregg et al. 2005)

8. GEO ADC meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008 Slide # 8 GEO and GCOS Requirements addressed by the OCR Products derived from OCR are specified in the GEO 07-09 WP under 4 SBAs: health, climate, agriculture and ecosystems. GEO 2009-2011 WP: OCR added top the list of Virtual Constellations as providing “scientific data products related to marine ecosystems and ocean biogeochemistry for near- surface global ocean and coastal waters.” GCOS lists “Ocean color, and oceanic chlorophyll-a concentration derived from ocean color” as an Essential Climate Variable (ECV) for “ climate [impacts] monitoring” as well as “carbon-cycling including between the ocean and the atmosphere; and ocean particulate carbon estimated from ocean color.”

9. GEO ADC meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008 Slide # 9 1615141312111009 08 07060504030201 Ocean Colour Radiometry Missions MODIS-T (NASA) MODIS-A (NASA) ADEOS-II POLDER-3 (CNES) MERIS (ESA) SENTINEL-3A OCM (ISRO) OCM-2 (ISRO) SGLI (JAXA) NPP-VIIRS NPOESS-VIIRS C1 OSMI (KARI)GOCI (KARI)- geostationary SENTINEL-3B SENTINEL- 3A (ESA/EUMETSAT) MOS (DLR) SeaWiFS (NASA) GOCEP(NASA ) NPOESS-C2 LaunchedApproved Planned/Pending Approval

10. GEO ADC meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008 Slide # 10 Ocean Surface Vector Wind Virtual Constellation Stan Wilson, NOAA Hans Bonekamp, EUMETSAT B.S. Gohill, ISRO

11. GEO ADC meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008 Slide # 11 Ocean Surface Vector Wind Constellation Goals of the constellation –Improve operational marine warnings and forecasts through the use of ocean surface vector winds (OSVW) from satellite scatterometry – together with significant wave height (SWH) from the OST Constellation –Characterize the OSVW field for use in climate-quality data records –Facilitate research related to the influence of wind forcing on the circulation of the oceans Benefits of the constellation –Common products and formats –Available in time for operational use –Share experience in using those products –Optimize global coverage in space and time

12. GEO ADC meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008 Slide # 12 Timely sharing of data enables a significant reduction in revisit time 6-hour goal

13. GEO ADC meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008 Slide # 13

14. GEO ADC meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008 Slide # 14 User Community Engagement Researchers have mechanisms to engage, but it is challenging for operational users 1.Focus initially on operational forecasting for Southern Hemisphere via provision of OSVW & SWH 2.Assess whether GMDSS 1 high-seas forecast centers have timely access to, and capability to use, products 3.Existing GMDSS links will deliver forecasts to end users 4.Resolve issues encountered in point 2 before proceeding further 5.Extend to Northern Hemisphere & resolve issues 6.Extend to WMO tropical cyclone forecast centers & … 7.Consider additional products… 8.Consider other applications… 1:1: 1: Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS). GMDSS is the integrated communications system using satellite and terrestrial radiocommunications to help ship in distress

15. GEO ADC meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008 Slide # 15 Precipitation Status Status as presented at SIT-22 (Sep. 08) Progress since 21st CEOS Plenary (Nov. 07) –7th GPM International Planning Workshop, 5-7 December 2007 –U.S.- Japan PC Study Team Meeting, 7 December 2007 –X-Calibration Working Group (WG) Meeting (in coordination with WMO CGMS/GSICS) –CEOS SIT Chair Tag Up, 20 February 2008 –SIT CEOS-GEO Workshop, 20-22 February 2008 –3rd GPM International Ground Validation (GV) Workshop –Moving GPM from formulation to implementation phase at NASA and JAXA –Several future plans prepared: CEOS PC IP v0.4, CEOS PC 2008 Plan v2.4

16. GEO ADC meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008 Slide # 16 Land-Surface Imaging: Status Status as presented at SIT-22 (Sep. 08) Progress since 21st CEOS Plenary (Nov. 07) –Participated in the CEOS Space Component Contributions to GEOSS exercise –Declaration of intent signed by 7 out of 8 agencies to cooperate more fully –Three follow-up agreements drafted. Not signed by anyone yet. –Preliminary standards developed for future LSI systems –Draft agreement prepared to provide data to Forest Resources Assessment for 2010 (FRA2010). –Draft agreement prepared to provide data to fill gaps to FRA2010. –Held a LSI Constellation Study Team meeting. Review and reflect on 2007 activities. Look strategically at LSI Constellation activities. Define a strong, but achievable 2008 Work Plan. –Prepared a LSI Constellation 2008 Work Plan. Complete unfinished tasks from 2007. Initiate a new radar focus area. Compile regional data sets over selected areas. Compile a 2010 global mid- resolution dataset.

17. GEO ADC meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008 Slide # 17 Atmospheric Chemistry: Status Status as presented at SIT-22 (Sep. 08) Progress since 21st CEOS Plenary (Nov. 07) –4 near term projects to demonstrate the Constellation concept. Projects involve five of its international partners using seven different instruments. Projects were selected for near term results and aligned with GEO SBAs. The 4 projects are: Pollution prediction using Envisat and Aura: Health/Air Quality (NOAA lead). Aircraft volcanic ash warning using Envisat and Aura: Hazards (ESA lead). Smoke prediction from biomass burning using Aura, Aqua, CALIPSO: Hazard and Health (NASA lead). Algorithm and cal/val collaboration between GoSAT (JAXA) and OCO (NASA): Climate (WGCV Lead). –Requirements and Gap Analysis underway; draft report expected (Jun. 08) –Longer term projects will engage more satellites and international partners focused toward GCOS Climate objectives. Planning with CSA, JAXA, ESA, and EC (NASA lead for now) Climate. –All projects engage WGCV, WGISS and the SEO. Plan to engage WGEdu.

18. GEO ADC meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008 Slide # 18 Ocean Surface Topography: Status (1/2) Status as presented at SIT-22 (Sep. 08) Goals of the OST Constellation: – implement a sustained, systematic capability to observe the surface topography of the global oceans –address global sea level rise and the role of oceans in climate, as well as support operational forecasting. Approach: –maintain continuity of the high-accuracy Jason altimetry time series; maintain continuity with altimeters on at least two complementary, high-inclination satellites, and extend the capability of altimetry to denser observational coverage through the development of swath altimetry.

19. GEO ADC meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008 Slide # 19 Ocean Surface Topography: Status (2/2) Progress since 21st CEOS Plenary (Nov. 07) –Altimeter missions in orbit Jason & ENVISAT – performing well GFO – power too low in eclipse; reaction wheel too hot in full sun –Missions in development OSTM/Jason-2 – OK for launch 15 June 2007 CryoSat-2 – good progress for launch in 2009 SARAL – CNES payload due Sept/Oct, launch late 2009/early 2010 HY-2A – CNES/SOA negotiations re: DORIS; launch in June 2010 Sentinel-3A – good progress for launch in 2012 –Missions in planning Jason-3 – EUMETSAT, NOAA, CNES, ESA & EC need to resolve approach and seek funding for an OSTM/Jason-2 follow-on OST Constellation Workshop (29-31 Jan 2007) developed 15-year strategy; Invitation to Tender issued for a Missions Requirements Document for the Constellation Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) – Workshop on Mesoscale Oceanic Processes: Explorations with Wide-Swath Interferometry Radar Altimetry, 28-30 April 2008, at Scripps; NASA/CNES Feasibility Study to start shortly

20. GEO ADC meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008 Slide # 20 OSTM/Jason-2 SUCCESSFUL LAUNCH ! 20 June 2008 OSTM/Jason-2 was launched at 07:46 UTC on June 20, 2008, from Space Launch Complex 2W at the Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, USA, by a Delta II 7320 rocket. The Jason-2 satellite separation occurred approximately 55 minutes after lift-off. Within minutes, the tracking station at Hartebeesthoek, South Africa, picked up Jason-2’s confirmation signal.

21. GEO ADC meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008 Slide # 21 First CAL/VAL results are very promising! As an example: IGDR Averaged over cycle 0: 04/07/2008 - 14/07/2008 Jason 2Jason 1

22. GEO ADC meeting, Boulder, Sep. 2008 Slide # 22 Hurricane Gustav intensity overlayed on a Sea level anomaly map. The fact it went over a cold eddy before reaching Louisiana might have played a role in its lower intensity (Credits CLS/Cnes, Ssalto/Duacs merged data including Jason-2).CLSCnesDuacs