1. Portable music players- preferred sound levels and listening habits Kim R Kähäri Ph. D, Audiologist The Linneaus Centre HEAD and the institute for Disability Research, Örebro University & The Inst. for Neuroscience and Physiology Göteborg University, Sweden kim.kahari@neuro.gu.se

3. Structure Background Childrens leisure time activities and sound exposure Pilot studies done Pilot I: Stockholm Central Station 33 yrs Pilot II: Stockholm Culture House 16 yrs Ongoing studiesKids 9 years Adolescents 17 years

4. ”The leisure habit study” 2005, in Göteborg, Sweden % of 41 754 girls and boys who listens to music > 3 times per week Years 10-15 16-18 Girls 81 94 Boys 65 89

5. What sound levels are our children exposed to? (Freestyles CD’s & Mp3’s) L Aeq = 83-89 dB (Hodgetts, Rieger & Szarko, 2007) and 110 dB A in ear canal with probe michrophone L Aeq = 80 dB (Williams, 2005) 139 dB SPL Max out 9 cd´s (Fligor & Cox 2004) dB= 91-121 L Aeq (corrected för FF) +7-9 dB A with canalphones L Aeq = 97 dB (Hellström, 2001) L Aeq = 82 dB (Airo, Pekkarinen % Olkinuora, 1996) L Aeq = 83.4 dB (Rice, Breslin & Roper, 1987)

6. 3 reference studies Noise induced threshold shift (Niskar A. et al 2001) 6-11 yrs 8.5% 12-1915.5% Constant Tinnitus ( Widen SE, Erlandsson, 2004) 16-17 yrs6.8-10.3 18-19 yrs 14.0-19.7 Often/always tinnitus (K-M Holgers 2001) 9-16 yrs 16%

7. Pilots done, Örebro Univ. Pilot I Pilot II n=60 41 sex19 w /41 men 23 w/18 men age= 33 (SD=13.2)16 (SD= 1.5) Listening durance11 yrs4 yrs Questionnaires6041 SLM*6041 Valid measurm.4138 SLM* = Sound level measurements

8. Stockholm Central Station

9. Women N=19 % Men N=41 % Women N=23 % Men N=18 % Exposure 1 hr42303518 2 hr37384424 29 Volume setting: 25 % 1674- 5021243633 7537445044 1002124922 Pilot I N= 60 Pilot II N= 41 Mean=33 yrs Mean= 16 yrs

10. Pilot I N= 60 Mean=33 yrs Pilot II N= 41 Mean= 16 yrs Women N=19 % Men N=41 % Women N=23 % Men N=18 % Listens daily 53587494 Sleeps with Mp3 28201715 “ Bad hearing ” 22322628 Occlusion 629- Tinnitus 11209- Sound sensitivity 171026- Hearing fatigue 17- 6 Distortion --9-

11. Pilots done, cont. I: Stockholm Central Station, 33 yrs (n=41) average dB L Aeq,FF, 60sec = 83 (73.4 -101.8) average L A,FF max, 60sec = 88.5 (76.5 -107.4) II: Stockholm Culture House, 16 yrs (n=40) average dB L Aeq,FF, 60sec = 81.1 (57.9 - 99.1) average L A,FF max, 60sec = 85.2 (63.2 -103.9)

13. 2009-2010: Ongoing Study I Kids, 9 years Planned: N=500 Pure tone hearing thresholds Tests:Tympanometry Otoacoustic emissions DPOAE, SOA Questionnaire:Hearing and music listening habits

14. Kids, 9 yrs Some preliminary results N=102 5.4% Show a SNITS*: (N=8/144 with normal compliance test) (8.5% reference material 6-11 yrs, Niskar et al 2001) 5 % have tinnitus on daily/always basis (16% often/always constant reference material 9-16 yrs, Holgers 2001 (6.8-10.3% reference material 16-17 yrs, Widen, Erlandsson 2004) 62 % uses head phones/ Mp3’s when listening to music 9 % uses head phones/ Mp3’s on daily basis *SNITS: Suspected Noise induced threshold shift.

15. 2009-2010 Ongoing Study II Adolescents, 17 yrs. Questionnaire: Hearing and PMP listening habits to normal hearing & young hard of hearing A sample of 80 students to test: Pure tone hearing thresholds Tests:Tympanometry Otoacoustic emissions DPOAE, SOA Questionnaires:Hearing and PMP habits /music listening Youth Attitude to Noise Scale (Widen Olsen S. 2004) Sound level measurements: of PMP in laboratorie using KEMAR

16. Ongoing Study II Adolescents 17 years, preliminary results 329 normal hearing 68 hard of hearing 60has been tested in lab (both normal hearing & hard of h 52 % are frequent users (daily), most use 75% of max volume Typical activity when listening: Transportation (on bus, train, bicycle when walking)

18. Message 1) We can acknowledge the risk for future hearing damages 2) Consumer- friendly technique! Zero tolerance! Safe sound level limits, especially for childrens’ products. Spread knowledge to create awareness about risks

19. Noise and Health, 2010 1.Portable Music Players - Preferred Sound Levels and Listening Habits, Among Adults Kim R. Kähäri, T. Åslund, J. Olsson, 2010, submitted 2.Portable Music Players - Preferred Sound Levels and Listening Habits, Among Adolescents Kim R. Kähäri, T. Åslund, J. Olsson, 2010, on it’s way… 3.Hopefully this fall, 2010 4.Hopefully this fall, 2010

20. The team Carina Wikström – Audiologist Tobias Åslund - Sound Engineer Johannes Olsson - Sound Engineer Jenny Engelbrektsson – Audiologist Johanna Pernhall Breder – Audiologist AMMOT- The Soundheroes Acknowledgements Prof. Claes Möller, Audiological Research Center in Örebro FAS Hearing Center/CKV Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm The Swedish Association of Hard of Hearing People