1. PROGRAMMING

2. Each PLC manufacturer offers a different set of instructions within its PLC family. Many of these instruction sets are not applicable to other PLCs, and there is no easy way to translate an already written PLC program to another brand of PLC’s programming format.

3. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) SC65B-WG7 committee developed the IEC 1131 standard in an effort to standardize programmable controllers. One of the committee’s objectives was to create a common set of PLC instructions that could be used in all PLCs.

4. PLC Programming Method Ladder Diagram (LD) —a graphical depiction of a process with rungs of logic, similar to the relay ladder logic schemes that were replaced by PLCs. Function Block Diagram (FBD) —a graphical depiction of process fl ow using simple and complex interconnecting blocks. Sequential Function Chart (SFC) —a graphical depiction of interconnecting steps, actions, and transitions. Instruction List (IL) —a low-level, text-based language that uses mnemonic instructions. Structured Text (ST) —a high-level, text-based language such as BASIC, C, or PASCAL specifi cally developed for industrial control applications

5. Ladder Diagram & Mnemonic Code

8. Ladder Diagram & Function Block Diagram (FBD)

9. Logic Instruction Set LOAD LOAD NOT AND AND NOT OR OR NOT OUTPUT END OR LD AND LD

10. LOAD LOAD NOT

11. AND AND NOT

12. OR OR NOT

13. END OUT

14. OR LD

15. AND LD

16. Sequential Instruction Set - NO OPERATION - END - INTERLOCK - JUMP - KEEP - SET/RESET - DIFFERENTIATE UP / DOWN

17. NO OPERATION – NOP ( 00 ) This instruction does not have a ladder diagram symbols and will not be doing any operations. When this instruction is removed memory will be displayed in the PLC programming console.

18. END – END(01) Act as the last instruction for each program No instruction will be written after the END directive (01) implemented. If no instructions END (01) in the program would be implemented then no instructions and verse NO END LIST will appear on the console screen PLC programming.

20. INTERLOCK [ IL ( 02 ) ] and INTERLOCK CLEAR [ ILC ( 03 ) ] IL (02) and ILC (03) must be used in conjunction This instruction is used to solve the problem of implementation-state storage (Execution Condition) at branch points. When the command interlock is ON as shown in Figure 6.3 Steps, the state execution of the command will interlock control all interlock instruction execution until the command CLEAR. When the interlock instruction is OFF, CLEAR instruction will reset operation interlock program. To set type of OMRON PLC - SYSMAC CQM1H, instruction FUN 02 is instruction interlock and instruction FUN 03 is instruction interlock CLEAR

21. Suruhan LD 00000 IL(02) Suruhan LD 00001 Masukan Suruhan OUT 10000 Keluaran ON OFF ONOFF

22. JUMP [ JMP (04) ] DAN JUMP END [ JME (05) ] Instruction JMP (04) is usually used in pairs with instructions JME (05) to produce the jump. JMP (04) is the command to determine the starting point jump while JME (05) is the direction to be the direction of the jump. When the instruction JMP (04) is ON, no jump will occur and the program will be implemented as written. When the instruction JMP (04) is OFF, a jump to the instruction JME (05) that have the same number will be done. Further instructions are after directions JME (05) will be implemented. Instructions JUMP and JUMP END can use the numbers from the range of 00 to 99. To set type of OMRON PLC - SYSMAC CQM1H, JUMP instruction is instruction FUN 04 and JUMP END instruction is instruction FUN 05.

24. KEEP – KEEP (11) KEEP instruction is used to maintain the status bit operation based on two state implementation (execution condition). KEEP (11) operates as the relay latches (latching relay) which is set by S and reset by R. When S is in the ON state, operating instructions specified output will remain in a state of ON and ON until reset, regardless of whether S is ON or OFF. When R is in the ON state, operating instructions specified output will turn OFF and remain in the OFF state until reset, regardless of whether R is ON or OFF. To set type of OMRON PLC - SYSMAC CQM1H, instruction KEEP is instruction FUN 11.

26. SET AND RESET SET and RESET instruction will change the status of bit operations only when ON execution condition. In the OFF condition, the instructions will not change the status of bit operations.

28. DIFFERENTIATE UP [ DIFU (13) ] AND DIFFERENTIATE DOWN [ DIFD (14) ] These instructions Difu (13) and DIFD (14) ON the output in a very short period of time. Instruction Difu (13) will change the output state to ON when the input signal changes from OFF to ON. Instruction DIFD (14) will change the output state to ON when the input signal changes from ON to OFF. To set type of OMRON PLC - SYSMAC CQM1H, FUN 13 instruction is DIFFERENTIATE UP instruction and instruction FUN 14 is instruction DIFFERENTIATE DOWN

31. (TIMER - TIM) timer numbers (N) is between 000 and 015. The value set (SV) is between 0000 to 9999. Each number TIM / CNT can be used as an interpreter (definer) in only one TIMER or COUNTER command.

35. (COUNTER - CNT) Number TIM / CNT can be used as an interpreter (definer) only either in the timer or counter. The numbers count ranges from 000 to 015. Counters are used to calculate the count down from the set (SV) when the execution condition (execution condition) on the pulse off (CP), changed from OFF to ON. The value set (SV) ranges from 0000 to 9999. The counter resets the reset input (R).

38. The end… Quiz Practical End of Chapter