1. The Western Front AWM E01220 Australian artillerymen passing along a duckboard track in Chateau Wood, 29 October 1917

2. The Western Front: Trench Warfare The Western Front refers to the frontline of battle on the western side – France, Belgium, Germany. The aim was to drive back the Germans pushing them east taking over more and more trenches and ground as this happened. The reality was that many battles and many men were killed over a few metres of ground that was won, then lost, won, then lost…

3. Trenches on the Western front usually consisted of three parallel lines – front, support and reserve trenches – connected by communication trenches. In front of the trench barbed wire slowed the enemy. Behind the trenches was the artillery. Canadian soldiers going over the trenches http://www.history.com/photos/world-war-i-treanch- warfare/photohttp://www.history.com/photos/world-war-i-treanch- warfare/photo

4. The line itself was never straight but zigzagged to prevent a long stretch of trench being exposed to enemy fire if attacked. Trenches near Ypres,fall 1914, British soldiers took refuge near Ypres, Belgium in an area known as “Sanctuary Wood.” http://www.history.com/photos/world-war-i-treanch-warfare/photo http://www.history.com/photos/world-war-i-treanch-warfare/photo

5. Cross- section of a Trench Australians on the Western Front, Australian Government, Department of Veterans’ Affairs, 2006.

6. Soldiers picking lice from clothes : http://www.history.com/photos/world-war-i-treanch-warfare/photohttp://www.history.com/photos/world-war-i-treanch-warfare/photo :

7. What is the main purpose of a trench? What problems might there be with: Cooking Keeping warm, keeping cool Water Flies Sleeping Boredom? Walking knee deep in slimy mud at La Basse Ville, Belgium. http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/ EO1497. http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/

8. An Australian sleeping in his trench shelter in the secondl ine trenches before Riencourt during the fighting near Bullencourt. http://www.awm.gov.aucollection/E00455

9. France, 1917: An Australian in Winter Attire http://www.awm.gov.aucollection/H02101 An unidentified Australian soldier attempting to obtain a drink under a frozen water tank in the winter of 1916-1917 in France. http://www.awm.gov.aucollection/EOO171

10. Members of the 22 nd Battalion, AIF taking a meal in the trenches of Westhoek Ridge the night before the opening attack on the Third Battle of Ypres on 20 September 1917. http://www.awm.gov.aucollection/E00739

11. British task rolling over a Trench: Battle of Cambrai 1917 http://www.history.com/photos/world- war-i-treanch-warfare/photo 11http://www.history.com/photos/world- war-i-treanch-warfare/photo

12. Australians on the Western Front, Australian Government, Department of Veterans’ Affairs, 2006.

13. Weapons and Technology Resource 17 has weapons used on the Western Front – what impact would each of these had? How do the weapons and technology differ from those used at Gallipoli? Unlike at Gallipoli, soldiers served a deployment for a few weeks and then were relieved from the front line by fresh troops.

14. Create a Venn Diagram to show the similarities and differences between fighting in the Western Front and Gallipoli Western FrontGallipoli

15. References Australians on the Western Front, Australian Government, Department of Veterans’ Affairs, 2006. The Australian War Memorial images, http://www.awm.gov.au/collection. http://www.awm.gov.au/collection World War 1: Trench Warfare Photo Gallery http://www.history.com/photos/world-war-i- trench-warfare/photo