1. Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks
Eric Angat
Teacher

2. Sedimentary Rock # 14 Shale- gray, fine grained, layered.
Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compaction of silt and clay-size mineral particles that we commonly call "mud".

3. Sedimentary Rock # 13 Sandstone – layered.
Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized grains of mineral, rock or organic material.

4. Sedimentary Rock #15 Limestone – layered.
Limestone is a sedimentary rock consisting of more than 50% calcium carbonate (calcite - CaCO3). There are many different types of limestone formed through a variety of processes. Limestone can be precipitated from water (non-clastic, chemical or inorganic limestone), secreted by marine organisms such as algae and coral (biochemical limestone), or can form from the shells of dead sea creatures (bioclastic limestone).

5. Sedimentary Rock #16 Conglomerate – gravel sized pebbles are evident.
Conglomerate is made up of rounded pebbles cemented together. The pebbles have been rounded by the action of moving water. This could be from a river or stream or from waves on a long ago beach.

6. Sedimentary Rock #12 Gypsum – white, powdery.
Gypsum is found in nature in mineral and rock form. As a mineral, it can form very pretty, and sometimes extremely large, crystals. As a rock, gypsum is a sedimentary rock, typically found in thick beds or layers.

7. Clast refers to the fragments of rocks.
Conglomerates have rounded clasts
Breccias have angular clasts
Clast refers to the fragments of rocks.
Angular clasts did not erode far from where the rock formed.

8. Identifying Metamorphic Rocks

9. Arkose is a raw, coarse-grained sandstone, deposited very near its source, that consists of quartz and a significant proportion of feldspar.
Arkose is known to be young because of its content of feldspar, a mineral that usually degrades quickly into clay.

10. Sedimentary
clastic
sandstone

11. Clastic rocks: Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic rocks are composed of fragments, or CLASTS, of pre-existing minerals and rock. A clast is a fragment of broken rock.
Angular clasts
Rounded clasts

12. Non-clastic Sedimentary Rocks
Layered
Fine particles

13. clastic 11 Arkose pink # of the Rock Name of Rock Color Texture
I. Observing Sedimentary Rock
11 Arkose Gypsum 13 Sandstone Shale Limestone Conglomerate
# of the Rock
Name of Rock
Check the number on the rock and compare it with the key above.
Color
Is it black, white, grey etc.?
Type of Sedimentary rock
Clastic
Chemical
Biologic
Shape of Clasts
Non-clastic
Angular
Sub-rounded
Well-rounded
Texture
Coarse
Medium
Fine
SORTING
Poorly sorted
Well sorted
Grains and matrix
clastic 11
Arkose
pink

14. Shape of Particles
Angular
Sub-rounded
Well-rounded

15. 11 Arkose pink clastic Angular # of the Rock Name of Rock Color
I. Observing Sedimentary Rock
11 Arkose Gypsum 13 Sandstone Shale Limestone Conglomerate
# of the Rock
Name of Rock
Check the number on the rock and compare it with the key above.
Color
Is it black, white, grey etc.?
Type of Sedimentary rock
Clastic
Chemical
Biologic
Shape of Clasts
Non-clastic
Angular
Sub-rounded
Well-rounded
Texture
Coarse
Medium
Fine
SORTING
Poorly sorted
Well sorted
Grains and matrix 11
Arkose
pink
clastic
Angular

16. Coarse
Grain size/texture
Medium
Fine

17. 11 Arkose pink clastic Coarse # of the Rock Name of Rock Color Texture
I. Observing Sedimentary Rock
11 Arkose Gypsum 13 Sandstone Shale Limestone Conglomerate
# of the Rock
Name of Rock
Check the number on the rock and compare it with the key above.
Color
Is it black, white, grey etc.?
Type of Sedimentary rock
Clastic
Chemical
Biologic
Shape of Clasts
Non-clastic
Angular
Sub-rounded
Well-rounded
Texture
Coarse
Medium
Fine
SORTING
Poorly sorted
Well sorted
Grains and matrix 11
Arkose
pink
clastic
Angular
Coarse

18. Sorting
Poorly Sorted
Well Sorted

19. Poorly Sorted 11 Arkose pink clastic # of the Rock Name of Rock Color
I. Observing Sedimentary Rock
11 Arkose Gypsum 13 Sandstone Shale Limestone Conglomerate
# of the Rock
Name of Rock
Check the number on the rock and compare it with the key above.
Color
Is it black, white, grey etc.?
Type of Sedimentary rock
Clastic
Chemical
Biologic
Shape of Clasts
Non-clastic
Angular
Sub-rounded
Well-rounded
Texture
Coarse
Medium
Fine
SORTING
Poorly sorted
Well sorted
Grains and matrix
Poorly Sorted 11
Arkose
pink
clastic
Angular
Coarse

20. Metamorphic Rock #24
Slate- black, fine grained, folitated

21. Metamorphic Rock #22
Marble-white, non foliated rock.

22. Metamorphic Rock #25
Gneiss- black and white banding, foliated

23. Metamorphic Rock #23 Schist – fine foliations, visible crystals
Schist is formed by regional metamorphism has coarse mineral grains.

24. Metamorphic Rock #21 Amphibolite- black with small crystals.

25. Metamorphic Rock #26 Antrhacite- black, light weight.
Anthracite Coal Metamorphic Rock.  Black rock formed from plant material and has no grains.  Anthracite is the rarest and most expensive form of coal. 

26. Identifying Metamorphic Rocks

27. Clastic Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock Foliated Foliated rocks are
due to heat and pressure.
Layered rocks are
due to compaction.
Clastic
sedimentary rock
Foliated
metamorphic rock

28. 25 Gneiss 25 Gneiss WHITE AND GREY BANDING
II. Observing Metamorphic Rock
21 Amphibolite 22 marble Schist Slate
25 Gneiss Anthracite
# of the Rock
Name of Rock
Check the number on the rock and compare it with the key above.
Color
Is it shiny, dull, black, white, grey etc.?
Is it
foliated or non foliated?
Contact metamorphism Or
Regional metamorphism
Texture
Is it smooth or rough? 25
Gneiss
WHITE AND
GREY BANDING
25 Gneiss

29. 25 Gneiss 25 Gneiss Foliated II. Observing Metamorphic Rock
21 Amphibolite 22 marble Schist Slate
25 Gneiss Anthracite
# of the Rock
Name of Rock
Check the number on the rock and compare it with the key above.
Color
Is it shiny, dull, black, white, grey etc.?
Is it
foliated or non foliated?
Contact metamorphism Or
Regional metamorphism
Texture
Is it smooth or rough? 25
Gneiss
WHITE AND
GREY BANDING
Foliated
25 Gneiss

30. Foliation not very visible
Shallow and cool
Non foliated
Contact metamorphism
Regional metamorphism
Foliation not very visible
Regional metamorphism
Deep –high pressure
Very hot
Foliation is very visible

31. 25 Gneiss 25 Gneiss Foliated II. Observing Metamorphic Rock
21 Amphibolite 22 marble Schist Slate
25 Gneiss Anthracite
# of the Rock
Name of Rock
Check the number on the rock and compare it with the key above.
Color
Is it shiny, dull, black, white, grey etc.?
Is it
foliated or non foliated?
Contact metamorphism Or
Regional metamorphism
Texture
Is it smooth or rough?
25 Gneiss 25
Gneiss
WHITE AND
GREY BANDING
Foliated
Regional metamorphism

32. 25 Gneiss 25 Gneiss Foliated Rough
II. Observing Metamorphic Rock
21 Amphibolite 22 marble Schist Slate
25 Gneiss Anthracite
# of the Rock
Name of Rock
Check the number on the rock and compare it with the key above.
Color
Is it shiny, dull, black, white, grey etc.?
Is it
foliated or non foliated?
Contact metamorphism Or
Regional metamorphism
Texture
Is it smooth or rough?
25 Gneiss 25
Gneiss
WHITE AND
GREY BANDING
Foliated
Regional metamorphism
Rough
Feel the rock with your fingers and decide its texture.

33. Classify the following rock samples.
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
Igneous rock
Clastic
Chemical
biological
intrusive
extrusive
Foliated or
regional
Non foliated or
contact
sandstone
granite
gneiss
basalt
marble
shale
slate